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Psych 275
BioPsych Chapter 6
40
Psychology
2nd Grade
03/09/2010

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Term
Light
Definition
Waves of electromagnetic energy between
Term
Lens
Definition
Controlled by the ciliary muscles
Term
Fovea
Definition
a small indentation that allows us to see fine details. 25% of the primary visual cortex's focus dedicated to analysis of its input
Term
Surface Interpolation
Definition
a part of the "completion" where our cortex fills in our blind spots
Term
Duplexity theory
Definition
theory that cones and rods mediate different types of vision
Term
Photopic vision
Definition
cone mediated. Predominates in good lighting. Provides high acuity, COLORED perception
Term
Scotopic vision
Definition
Rod predominated. Sensitivity is not achieved without cost. Lacks both detail and the color of photopic
Term
Nasal Hemiretina
Definition
half of retina next to nose
Term
Temporal Hemiretina
Definition
half next to the temples
Term
Photopic Spectral Sensitivity Curve
Definition
curve can be determined by having subjects judge the relative brightness in comparison to different wavelengths shone on the fovea
Term
Scotopic Spectral Sensitivity Curve
Definition
determined by judging relative brightness to light shown on the periphery retina
Term
Purkinje Effect
Definition
red and yellow flowers appearing bright in comparison to blue, but minutes later it was reversed. And the evening made them all appear grey
Term
Fixational Eye Movements
Definition
tremors, drift, and saccade(small jerky movements or flicks)
Term
Transduction
Definition
conversion of one form of energy to another.
Term
Rhodopsin
Definition
pigment was exposed to intense light, it was bleached and could no longer absorb light. But when returned to the dark it regained its capacity.
Term
Parvocellular Layer (P Layer) Top Four Layers PONS
Definition
composed of neurons with small cell bodies. parvo=small
Sensitive to color
Term
Magnocellular Layers (M layers) Bottom Two layers. PONS
Definition
large bodies. magno=large
Sensitive to movement
Term
Mach bands
Definition
edges. Nonexistent stripes of brightness running along the edges.
Term
Horseshoe Crab
Definition
-lateral eyes
-composed of very large receptors "ommatidia"
Term
Lateral Inhibition
Definition
because when a receptor fires, it spreads to laterally to an array of receptors
Term
Receptive Field
Definition
area of a visual field where a visual stimulus can influence the firing of a neuron
Term
Monocular
Definition
each neuron had a receptive field in one eye but not the other
Term
Simple Cells
Definition
antagonistic "on" and "off" regions thus are unresponsive to diffuse light. All are monocular
Term
Complex Cells
Definition
-more numerous than simple cells
-larger receptive field
-are binocular, NOT monocular
Term
Component Theory (trichromatic theory)
Definition
-proposed by Thomas Young
-three kinds of receptors
Term
Opponent-process Theory
Definition
-Ewald Hering.
-two classes for encoding color and one for encoding brightness.
-one class signalled red, and the other signalled its complementary color green
Term
Complementary Colors
Definition
pairs of colors that produce white or gray when combined in equal measure
Term
Color Constancy
Definition
-perceived color is not a simple function of the wavelengths reflected by it.
-a color is constant, but the way in which we view it changes depending on the lighting conditions
Term
Retinex Theory
Definition
-Edwin Land
-the color of an object is determined by its reflectance.
-visual system calculates by comparing the light reflected by adjacent surfaces
Term
Primary Visual Cortex
Definition
area receives most input from visual relay nuclei.
-located in Posterior region of occipital lobe
Term
Secondary Visual Cortex
Definition
receive most input from primary visual cortex
-located in prestriate cortex and the inferotemporal cortex
Term
Visual Association Cortex
Definition
receive input from areas of secondary, as well as other sensory systems
-located all over cerebral cortex but MOSTLY in the posterior parietal cortex
Term
Scotoma
Definition
an area of blindness, caused by damage to the primary visual cortex, blindness occurs in the contralateral field of both eyes
Term
Perimetry Test
Definition
chin held motionless on a chin rest and patient stares at a fixed point, and presses a button to record when dot is seen
Term
Hemianopsic
Definition
having a scotoma covering half the visual field
Term
What vs. Where theory
Definition
-damage to the posterior parietal cortex have difficulty reaching for objects but can describe them
-damage to inferotemporal cortex have no difficulty reaching, but cannot describe
Term
Dorsal Stream
Definition
visual spatial perception and visually guided behavior
Term
Ventral Stream
Definition
specializes in pattern recognition, and conscious visual perception
Term
Prosopagnosia
Definition
agnosia(failure to recognize) for faces.
Term
Visual Agnosia
Definition
can see visual stimuli, but they dont know what they are
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