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Definition
| Two or more people who interact and are interdependent in the sense that their needs and goals cause them to influence each other. |
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| Shared expectations in a group and how particular people are supposed to behave |
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| Qualities of a group that bind members together and promote liking between members |
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| The tendency for people to do better on simple tasks and worse on complex tasks when they are in the presence of others and their individual performance can be evaluated |
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| The tendency for people to do worse on simple tasks but better on complex tasks when they are in the presence of others and their individual performance cannot be evaluated |
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| The loosening of normal constraints on behavior when people can't be identified (such as when they are in a crowd), leading to an increase in impulsiveness and deviant acts |
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| Any aspect of group interaction that inhibits good problem solving. |
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| The combined memory of two people that is more efficient than the memory of either individual |
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| A kind of thinking in which maintaining group cohesiveness and solidarity is more important than considering the facts in a realistic manner |
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| The tendency for groups to make decisions that are more extreme than the initial inclinations of its members |
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| The idea that certain key personality traits make a person a good leader, regardless of the situation. |
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| Leaders who set clear, short-term goals and reward people who meet them |
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| Leaders who inspire followers to focus on common, long-term goals |
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| Contingency Theory of Leadership |
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| The idea that leadership effectiveness depends both on how task-oriented or relationship-oriented the leader is and on the amount of control and influence the leader has over the group |
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| A leader who is concerned more with getting the job done than with workers' feelings and relationships |
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| Relationship-Oriented Leader |
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| A leader who is concerned primarily with workers' feelings and relationships |
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Definition
| A conflict in which the most beneficial action for an individual will, if chosen by most people, have harmful effects on everyone |
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| A means of encouraging cooperation by first acting cooperatively but then always responding the way your opponent did (cooperatively or competitively) on the previous trial |
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| A social dilemma in which individuals must contribute to a common pool in order to maintain the public good. |
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| A social dilemma in which everyone takes from a common pool of goods that will replenish itself if used in moderation but will disappear if overused |
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Definition
| A form of communication between opposing sides in a conflict in which offers and counteroffers are made and a solution occurs only when both parties agree. |
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Definition
| A solution to a conflict whereby the parties make trade-offs on issues according to their different interests; each side concedes the most on issue that are unimportant to it but important to the other side |
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