Term
|
Definition
| the scientific study of behavior and mental processes; the study of the mind |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| formulations and ideas of the relationships among events |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| uncovering information for its own sake; no immediate application or utility |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| finding solutions to problems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 400 BC; Greece; understanding human behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "Know Thyself" spawned introspection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1860 - Germany - official study of sensation and perception by measuring the effects of stimuli |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1879 - Germany - established the first psychology lab; started Structuralism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mind consists of sensations, feelings and images, which all form human experience |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1890 - America - founded Functionalism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| emphasizes the functions of the mind vs. the elements or components of the mind |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| emphasizes the observable behaviors and the relationship between stimulus and response, punishment and reinforcement; diverts focus of psychological study from the subjective (e.g. conscious vs. subconscious) to the objective (scientific) |
|
|
Term
| Wertheimer, Koffka & Kohler |
|
Definition
| 1920s - Germany - founded Gestalt Psychology |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| emphasized the organization and larger patterns of stimuli; "the sum is greater than its parts"; it is the whole picture that is important and not the bits and pieces of what we perceive; Insight |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1900s - Germany - founded Psychodynamic Theory, used psychoanalysis, defined terms "id, ego, superego" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process of "looking inward" and examining one's self and one's own actions in order to gain insight |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
emphasized the underlying motivations and drives behind how people think, act and feel;
these motivations are often in the unconscious and hidden from the active mind |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to Freud's method of therapy and his theory of personality (id, ego, superego) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the part of the human personality that is made up of all our inborn biological urges that seeks out immediate gratification (guided by the Pleasure Principle), regardless of social values or consequence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the part of personality that helps us deal with reality by mediating between the demands of the id, superego, and the environment (guided by the Reality Principle) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the part of the personality that acts as our moral guide and mediates between the id and the ego; contains the conscience, which makes us feel guilty for doing or thinking something wrong and good when we do something right |
|
|
Term
| Biological/Evolutionary Theory |
|
Definition
| behavior and personality are based primarily on our genetic material (genes); we act, feel and think according to our instincts |
|
|
Term
| Epigenetic Systems Theory |
|
Definition
| our inherited genetic material predisposes us to certain traits and characteristics, but it is the environment that activates or nurtures particular traits/characteristics that are important to daily living/survival |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| examines the mental processes involved in how we think, act and feel |
|
|
Term
| Humanistic-Existential Theory |
|
Definition
| comprised of Humanism and Existentialism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to the human capacity for self-fulfillment; self-actualization; "be all that you can be"; focuses on personal, subjective experiences; meaning is in the eye of the beholder and its that personal perspective that is most important |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a 20th century traditional philosophy that focuses on the idea that an individual person is supposed to find their "authentic existence" in the world as they face choices and decisions in daily life; the perspective that people have free will and freedom of choice to make these daily decisions |
|
|
Term
| Social Cognitive Theory / Social Learning Theory |
|
Definition
| focus on learning via observation; how we act, think and feel is based on how we see others act, think and feel; "monkey see monkey do" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| focuses on how society, culture, religion, etc. influences how we act, think and feel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| grouping of people based on their physical features such as skin color, eye shape, hair type, etc; it is a social construct; organization of people based on skin color has little to no biological basis; not scientifically valid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| grouping of people by common cultural values, cultural practices, cultural heritage/history, cultural language, etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to the biological differences between males, females and in between (XX, XY, XXY, etc) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to the societal/cultural differences between males and females (e.g., social roles, expectations, behavior, etc) and how a person feels they fit within that spectrum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Formulate a research question
2. Develop a hypothesis: a scientific statement
3. Test the hypothesis
4. Draw conclusions
5. Make findings available |
|
|
Term
| sample (for research purposes) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| every member of a population has an equal chance of being selected to participate in the research study |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ensures that subgroups in the population are represented accurately in your samples |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| systematic recording of a participant's behavior in an unobtrusive manner that may occur in a natural or laboratory setting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an attempt to uncover a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables |
|
|
Term
| Basic parts of an experiment |
|
Definition
a. Independent variable
b. Dependent variable
c. Experimental group
d. Control/Comparison group
e. Quantitative data
f. Qualitative data |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hypothesized to change according to the independent variable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| receives the independent variable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| does not receive the independent variable; may receive a placebo so they don't get suspicious |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| information that is recorded in some unit of measurement (e.g. rating scales, heart rate) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| information that is not measured numerically (e.g. narratives, open-ended questions) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| preferred: where participants are randomly placed into either the experimental or control group; statistically, the assumption is that ___ increases your chances of truly representing the population in your groups; whereas if people are selectively placed into your groups, there may be some sort of bias of your effects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| both the participants and the administrators of the study are left in the dark regarding which group is the control and which is the experimental |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| collection of research information via personal interview or questionnaire - however, the validity of the data from this method remains questionable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| intensive study of one participant - often yields rich, detailed qualitative data |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
method that helps to track change over time
-involves studying groups of people who differ in age, but share some other important characteristic of interest
-data is collected once from all the groups and then the data is compared
-any differences may be attributable to age
(e.g. suicide rates among depressed people) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
method that helps to track change over time
-involves studying the same individual(s) over a long period of time |
|
|
Term
| Cross-Sequential Research |
|
Definition
method that helps to track change over time
-involves both cross-sectional and longitudinal research, where you keep track and record data several different times from the same age-divided groups over a long period of time |
|
|
Term
| Ecological-Systems Research |
|
Definition
involves examining the individual while taking into account all the environments/contexts within which the individual lives
-most ideal method, but unrealistic and difficult to achieve |
|
|
Term
| Correlation/Correlation Relationship |
|
Definition
two variables co-occur at the same time
-there is no cause-effect relationship between the two variables (e.g. black hair/brown eyes);
two types: positive correlation and negative correlation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
both variables occur together and move in the same direction
-when one goes up, the other goes up and vice versa (e.g. smoking/drinking) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
both variables occur together but move in the opposite direction
-when one goes up, the other goes down and vice versa (e.g. hunger/fun) |
|
|
Term
| Causal/Causal Relationship |
|
Definition
a change in one variable is directly responsible for a change in another variable
-a cause-effect relationship exists (e.g. smoking/cancer) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a set of principles of right conduct; a theory or system of moral values |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| participant's agreement to volunteer in the experience after receiving some information about the study |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the purposes and methods of the research are explained to the participants after the experiment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the study of how species adapt their mental processes and behavior to their environment over time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a typical or average pattern of behavior that is shown in specific situations that almost all members of a particular species have (e.g. fear of a tiger) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the passing on of traits from parent to children through their genes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the area of biology that studies genes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a sudden change in the genetic makeup of a member of a species that may lead to different physical traits;
sometimes these changes can be adaptive and make it more likely to survive than other members of the species |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the area of biology that focuses on the passing on of traits that lead to behaviors; this area also focuses on individual differences in behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the area of genetics that examines which genes are connected with the development of specific traits, behaviors, and mental processes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a basic unity of heredity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes;
a human cell has twenty-three pairs, one member of each pair coming from each parent
-the pairs are carefully encoded to ensure that all cells contain the exact genetic material |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deoxyribonucleic acid; the basic unit of genes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the genetic traits expressed by an individual, which are observable and apparent (e.g. eye color) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an individual's entire inherited genetic material, including genes that are not expressed or masked |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when genes are masked or not expressed, the individual is called a _____ of the gene |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| contain only one set of chromosomes; thus, when a zygote is formed, the genetic material from both parents is required to make up the total 23 pairs of chromosomes needed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a visual portrayal of an individual's chromosomes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| twins who have identical genes because they were formed from one zygote splitting into two identical organisms early in development; popularly known as identical twins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| twins who have formed when two separate ova were fertilized by two separate sperm at roughly the same time; these twins have only half their genes in common; popularly known as fraternal twins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| characteristics produced by the interaction of several genes (i.e. not based on a single gene) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a number of genes makes an active contribution to a specific trait; e.g. skin color and height |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in a pair of interacting genes, sometimes a gene is more powerful in influencing the expression of that trait |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in a pair of interacting genes, sometimes a gene is weaker in influencing the expression of that trait |
|
|
Term
| X-Linked (Sex-Linked) Genes |
|
Definition
| genes that are located only on the X-chromosome; these genes are often recessive, which requires both recessive genes to be present in females to be expressed, but requires only one recessive gene to be present in males to expressed (e.g. colorblindness) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Additive
2. Dominant
3. Recessive
4. X-Linked |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A. Down Syndrome (Trisomy-21)
B. Turner's Syndrome (XO)
C. Klinefelter Syndrome (XXY)
D. Fragile-X |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Trisomy-21
-most common extra chromosome syndrome
-extra chromosome at site 21
-mental slowness
-often develop Alzeheimer's disease and other problems associated with elderly persons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-XO
-missing chromosomes at site 23
-pair 23 contains genes that affect sex and thusly sexual development
-these females are less likely to develop secondary sex characteristics during adolescence, such as larger breasts and hips
-hormonal supplements often help |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-XXY
-extra chromosome at site 23
-these males are less likely to develop secondary sex characteristics in adolescence, such as a larger penis, increased facial/body hair, deepening of the voice
-more likely to accumulate fat around the breast area (gynecomastia)
-surgical removal of these fat deposits and hormonal supplements often help |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| accumulation of fat around the breast area in males |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-mutation of a single gene at site 23
-mutation worsens over generations
-this is a common inherited chromosomal abnormality
-mental deficiencies and retardation, which often results in poor social skills and extreme shyness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| remove dead neurons and clean up waste in the nervous system; they nourish, insulate, and direct neuron growth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Cell Body
2. Nucleus
3. Dendrites
4. Axon
5. Myelin Sheath
6. Terminal Button
7. Synapse
8. Neurotransmitters (NTs)
9. Receptor Sites |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| root like structures connected to the cell body that receive impulses from other neurons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| long, thin tail of a neuron that transmits impulses to other neurons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fatty insulation that coats the axon; speeds transmission of neural impulses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the space between the terminal buttons of one neuron and the dendrites of another neuron |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the chemicals that help to transmit electrical impulses between neurons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| place at the ends of dendrites that pick up NTs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transmit messages from your five senses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transmit messages from your brain or spinal cord to your muscles and glands |
|
|
Term
| Anatomy of an Electrical Impulse |
|
Definition
1. Resting Potential
2. Action potential
3. Activation Energy
4. All-or-None Principle
5. Refractory Period |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when a neuron is at rest and not receiving any electrical impulses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when a neuron is stimulated by an electrical impulse |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| there is a certain amount of electrical impulse that is required to stimulate a neuron to fire/activate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a neuron either fires or it does not; there is no in between; there is either enough of an impuse to fire a neuron or not |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the time when the neuron needs to rest up before it fires up again |
|
|
Term
| Types of Neurotransmitters |
|
Definition
1. Serotonin (5HT)
2. Endorphins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 5HT: involved in behavior and psychology problems; man-made 5HT is commonly used for depression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inhibit pain-causing chemicals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| made up of the brain and spinal cord, which are both made up of gray and white matter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| carry messages to and from the spinal cord |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| carry messages to and from the brain |
|
|
Term
| Peripheral Nervous System |
|
Definition
| all of the nerves outside of the brain and the spinal cord |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Reticular Activating System (RAS)
2. Thalamus
3. Hypothalamus
4. Corpus Callosum
5. Medulla
6. Pons
7. Cerebellum
8. Cerebrum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| connects and communicates between the right and left hemispheres of the brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| regulates heart rate, breathing rate, blood circulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| breathing, sleeping, dreaming |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| center of thinking and executive control; tasks such as decision making and impulse control |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sudden electrical impulses in the brain that often lead to uncontrolled seizures; often doctors will cut the corpus callosum to treat severe cases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an organ that secretes one or more chemical substances such as hormones, saliva, milk |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| regulates bodily functions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Hypothalamus
2. Pituitary Gland
3. Pineal Gland
4. Thyroid Gland
5. Adrenal Gland
6. Sex Glands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the master gland that stimulates other glands to work |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| involves in growth of muscles, bones, and glands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| secretes melatonin, which helps to regulate sleeping and waking cycles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| secretes thyroxine, which helps to regulate metabolism - the rate the body uses oxygen and produces energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the rate the body uses oxygen and produces energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| substance secreted by the thyroid gland in order to help regulate metabolism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| substance secreted by pineal gland in order to help regulate sleeping and waking cycles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| secretes cortical steroids like adrenaline, which increase stress resistance, helps stimulate the body to produce "emergency" energy; "flight or fight" gland |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| secreted by adrenal gland; increase stress resistance, helps stimulate the body to produce "emergency" energy (e.g. adrenaline) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mainly produce testosterone, but some estrogen; responsible for male sexual characteristics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mainly produce estrogen, but some testosterone; responsible for female sexual characteristics; also produces progesterone, which stimulates growth of female reproductive organs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sex hormone that stimulates growth of female reproductive organs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the stimulation of any of your senses and the communication of these messages to your central nervous system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| organization and interpretation of your sensations; how you make sense of your senses; it is not automatic and usually takes conscious effort |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| similar to activation energy, which is the smallest amount of a stimulus that it takes for you to recognize it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the smallest amount of a stimulus that it takes for you to recognize it;
also known as "absolute threshold" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the smallest difference between two of the same sensations to be able to tell them apart (e.g. hot vs. really hot); this smallest difference is also known as the "just noticeable difference" |
|
|
Term
| just noticeable difference |
|
Definition
| the smallest difference between two of the same sensations to be able to tell them apart (e.g. hot vs. really hot); this smallest difference is also known as the "difference threshold" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| researchers who study sensation and perception and how it all works |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| holds that the detection of a stimulus depends on both the intensity of the stimulus and the physical and psychological state of the individual |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when we become used to or less sensitive to a low level of a certain stimulus over time (e.g., traffic noise) |
|
|
Term
| Types of Sensory Adaptation |
|
Definition
1. sensitization
2. desensitization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process of becoming more sensitive to a stimulus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process of becoming less sensitive to a stimulus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A. Vision
B. Hearing
C. Smell
D. Taste
E. Touch and Pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. cornea
2. iris
3. pupil
4. lens
5. retina
6. optic nerve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| outer surface of the eyeball |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| colored part that controls how much light enters your eye (dilation) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| how big or small your pupil is depending on how much light the iris allows to be taken in |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the black center of the eye that allows light in |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the part of the eye that helps to focus the light that enters |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| part of the eye where the lens focuses light/images |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the part of the eye that conveys images to the brain |
|
|
Term
| some common problems with vision |
|
Definition
1. nearsightedness
2. farsightedness
3. presbyopia
4. colorblindness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the loss of the eye's ability to change focus to see near objects; happens to everyone as they age over time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inability to see certain color; found mostly in males |
|
|
Term
| phenomena found by Gestalt Psychologists |
|
Definition
1. proximity
2. similarity
3. continuity
4. closure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tendency to group things together that are close together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tendency to group things together that look alike |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tendency to see a series of pints or lines as having unity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tendency to fill in the gaps between dashed lines |
|
|
Term
| types of visual illusions |
|
Definition
1. autokinetic effect
2. stroboscopic motion
3. phi phenomenon
4. Hering-Helmholtz Illusion
6. Muller-Lyer Illusion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tendency to see a stationary point of light in a dark room as moving |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| perception of motion when a series of stationary/fixed images are shown rapidly one after another (e.g. movies) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| perception of motions when a series of lights in a row are switched on and off (e.g. fireworks on a scoreboard) |
|
|
Term
| Hering-Helmholtz Illusion |
|
Definition
illusion which asks the question:
are the horizontal lines straight or curved?
image:
http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~cfs/305_html/Gestalt/Her_Illusion.html |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
illusion which asks the question:
are the vertical lines equal in length?
image:
http://www.rit.edu/cla/gssp400/muller/muller.html |
|
|
Term
| types of illusions of depth |
|
Definition
1. interposition
2. shadowing
3. motion parallax |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| placing one object in front of another; partially covered objects are seen as farther away |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| highlights and shading of an object make it look 3D |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tendency to see objects that move at our same speed as being farther away |
|
|
Term
| types of illusions of constancy |
|
Definition
1. size constancy
2. color constancy
3. brightness constancy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the shape of images stay the same even though their actual shape/size is really different |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the color of images appears to stay the same even though lighting has changed its actual appearance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. eardrum
2. cochlea
3. auditory nerve
4. semicircular canals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thin membrane that vibrates when sound is heard; vibrations travel through the middle ear and end up in the inner ear |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| snail shaped bone in the ear where hair cells receive stimulation and create an impulse |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| part of the ear triggered by the hair cells: transmits the impulse to the brain for processing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
made up of three semicircular, interconnected tubes located inside the ear:
1. the horizontal/lateral semicircular canal
2. the superior/anterior semicircular canal
3. the posterior semicircular canal
provide sensory input for experiences of rotary movements and are oriented along the pitch, roll, and yaw axes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the highness and lowness of sounds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a unit used to measure the intensity of a sound or the power level of an electrical signal by comparing it with a given level on a logarithmic scale |
|
|
Term
| common problems with hearing |
|
Definition
1. conductive hearing loss/deafness
2. sensorineural hearing loss/deafness
3. mixed hearing loss/deafness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deafness due to loss of sound through the middle ear |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deafness from the loss of hair cells or the auditory nerve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| adds to the flavor of foods; makes it more robust; the flavor "comes alive" |
|
|
Term
| major parts of the sense of smell |
|
Definition
1. olfactory membrane
2. olfactory nerve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| contains the neurons for smell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transmits the odor to the brain for processing; one of our strongest senses that is tied to memory |
|
|
Term
| parts of the mouth used for taste |
|
Definition
1. Palate
2. Throat
3. Taste buds for bitter tastes
4. Taste buds for sour things
5. Taste buds for sweet things |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Taste buds for bitter tastes |
|
Definition
| on the back of the tongue |
|
|
Term
| Taste buds for sour things |
|
Definition
| on the sides of the tongue |
|
|
Term
| Taste buds for sweet things |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the middle layer of the skin
-houses receptors for touch, pressure, pain, and temperature
-the number of receptors varies with different regions of the skin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| apparently not important enough to be in my textbook |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a sudden realization of how things are related or connected that help one to solve a problem; an epiphany |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| located near the center of the brain; consists of two joined egg- or football-shaped structures; serves as a relay station for sensory stimulation; nerve fibers from the sensory systems enter from below; the information carried by them is then transmitted to the cerebral cortex by way of fibers that exit from above. |
|
|
Term
| an example of how the thalamus works |
|
Definition
| relays sensory input from the eyes to the visual areas of the cerebral cortex; also involved in controlling sleep and attention in coordination with other brain structures include the RAS (reticular activating system) |
|
|
Term
| reticular activating system (RAS) |
|
Definition
| begins in the hindbrain (lower part), but ascends through the midbrain into the lower part of the forebrain; it is vital in the functions of attention, sleep, and arousal; injury may result in a coma; stimulation causes it to send messages to the cerebral cortex (the large wrinkled mass that you think of as your brain), making us more alert to sensory information. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lies beneath the thalamus and above the pituitary gland; it weighs only 4 grams, yet it is vital in the regulation of body temperature, concentration of fluids, storage of nutrients, and various aspects of motivation and emotion; experimenters learn many of its functions by implanting electrodes in parts of it and observing the effects of an electrical current; they have found that it is involved in hunger, thirst, sexual behavior, caring for offspring, and aggression |
|
|
Term
| mixed hearing loss/deafness |
|
Definition
| Sometimes a conductive hearing loss occurs in combination with a sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). In other words, there may be damage in the outer or middle ear and in the inner ear (cochlea) or auditory nerve. |
|
|
Term
| mixed hearing loss/deafness |
|
Definition
| Sometimes a conductive hearing loss occurs in combination with a sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). In other words, there may be damage in the outer or middle ear and in the inner ear (cochlea) or auditory nerve. |
|
|
