Term
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Definition
| observe one group of participants repeatedly over a given period of time (usually years). |
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Term
| How is longitudinal research negative? |
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Definition
1. Takes many years
2. HIgh participation dropout
3. Sensitive to developmental influence |
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Term
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Definition
| compare groups of participants who differ in age at one point in time. |
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Term
| How is cross-sectional research positive? |
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Definition
1. Quicker
2. Easier to conduct
3. Cheaper
4. Less sensitive to developmental influence |
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Term
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Definition
| characteristic mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity |
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Term
| inhibited babies vs. uninhibited babies |
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Definition
inhibited=reluctant
uninhibited=outgoing |
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Term
| Are most babies viewed as inhibited or uninhibited? |
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Definition
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Term
| Harlow monkey study (1958) |
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Definition
| Baby monkey raised with surrogate mothers that were artificial. One mother was wire (uncomfortable) and provided food, another had cloth over it (more comfortable) and did not provide food. Result: the monkey preferred the cloth mother. |
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Term
| Piaget's cognitive staging of development |
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Definition
1. Sensorimotor period
2. Pre-operational period
3. Concrete operations period
4. Formal operations period |
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Term
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Definition
-Age: infant to 2yrs
-Coordinate sensory input and motor actions
-Appearance of symbolic thought such as speech/language
-Object permanence (begins 4-8 months; mastered 18 months) |
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Term
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Definition
-Age: 2-7yrs
-Improved use of mental images/symbolic thought
-Conservation: physical quantities remain constant in spite of changes in their shape or appearance
-Centration: Focus on one aspect and not other aspects
-Irreversibility: can't mentally think in reverse
-Egocentrism: can't see something from another point of view (mentally)
-Animism: the belief that all things are living |
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Term
| concrete operations period |
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Definition
-Age: 7-11yrs
-Reversibility
-Decentration
-Decreased egocentrism
-Conservation (hierarchical classification)
-Classifying: giving classification to objects
-Operations: internal transformations, manipulations, and reorganization |
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Term
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Definition
-Age: 11yrs+
-Apply operations to abstract (and concrete) concepts
-Systematic problem solving |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt |
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Definition
2-3yrs
-Toilet training
-Getting dressed yourself |
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Term
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Definition
4-6 yrs
-sense of a good or bad kid |
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Term
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Definition
6yr-puberty
-Competent or worthless |
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Term
| Identity vs. role confusion |
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Definition
Adolescence
-Who am I? Where am I going? |
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Term
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Definition
Early adulthood
-Shall I share my life with another or live alone? |
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Term
| Generatively vs. self-absorption |
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Definition
Middle adulthood
-Will I produce something of real value? |
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Term
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Definition
Late adulthood
-Have I lived a fall life?
-If my life was meaningful or had regrets or negative feelings of overall life |
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Term
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Definition
Pre-conventional Level
Conventional Level
Postconventional |
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Term
| aspects of pre-conventional level (Kohlberg) |
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Definition
-Avoid punishment
-Seek concrete rewards
-Young children
-External authority |
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Term
| Aspects of conventional level (Kohlberg) |
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Definition
-Older children
-Gain approval/avoid disapproval
-Does duty to society/avoids dishonor or guilt
-Rules maintain social order
-Internalizes rigid rules |
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Term
| Aspects of post-conventional level (Kohlberg) |
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Definition
-Focuses on individual rights
-Flexibility
-Affirms own ethical principles of equity and justice |
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Term
| What 3 criteria signify abnormal behavior? |
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Definition
1. Deviant
2. Maladaptive
3. Causing personal distress |
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Term
| Generalized anxiety disorder |
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Definition
"free floating anxiety"
-Anxiety that is always kind of there |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
| panic disorder and agoraphobia |
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Definition
| -Physical symptoms of anxiety. Can lead to agoraphobia |
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Term
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Definition
| an obsessive fear that one;s penis will withraw into one abdomen. Seen only among Chinese males in Malaya and other regions of southeast Asia. |
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Term
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Definition
| intense craving for human flesh and fear that one will turn into a cannibal. Seen only among Algonquin Indian culture |
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