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PSYCH 2
I hate this class again
45
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
04/21/2011

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Cards

Term
Acetylcholine
Definition
(ACh) Involved in movement, sleep and parasympathetic nervous system.
Term
Dopamine
Definition
(DA) Involved in attention, movement, and reward.
Term
Serotonin
Definition
(5-HT) Involved in modd, sleep, dreaming, and eating.
Term
Norepinephrine
Definition
(NE) Involved in arousal and attention.
Term
Glutamate
Definition
(Glu) Major excitatory neurotransmitter.
Term
GABA
Definition
Major inhibitory neurotransmitter.
Term
Endorphins
Definition
Involved in pain inhibition and reward.
Term
Sensation
Definition

A stimulus entering your nervous system.

Ex: Spinal chord patients may have sensation but not perception.

Term
Perception
Definition
The concious experience of that stimulous.
Term
Reception
Definition
Specialized cells are activated by an environmental stimulus.
Term
Transduction
Definition
The stimulus is converted to an electrical signal (action potential).
Term
Conduction
Definition
The electrical signal travels along nerves to the brain.
Term
Perception
Definition
We become concoiusly aware of the stimulus.
Term
Detection thresholds
Definition
How strong does a stimulus need to be for you to detect its presence
Term
Method of Limits
Definition
researcher slowly increases or decreases stimulus intensity until detection occurs.
Term
Method of Adjustment
Definition
Participant adjusts the stimulus intensity to "just detectable" level.
Term
Just noticable Difference
Definition
How much does a stimulus have to change before i notic it's different.
Term
Sensory Adaptation
Definition

Sensory receptor cells become less sesitive to unchanging stimuli.

EX: Loud concerts, smell of burned popcorn.

Term
Wavelength
Definition
Determines Hue
Term
Amplitude
Definition
Determines brightness
Term
Complexity
Definition
Determines fadedness.
Term
Cornea
Definition

protective covering; filled with pain receptors.

*Astigmatism: Imperfections in the cornea.

Term
Lens
Definition

Focuses light onto the Retina.

*Accommodation: Lens changes shape.

*Catarax: Lens becomes cloudy.

*Hardening (of the lens): become "Far sighted"

Term

Iris

 

Definition

Donut shaped muscle in front of lense. Gives eye color.

*Pupil: Hole in the middle of the donut ring. Controls amount of light allowed into the eye.

Term
Retina
Definition

Layers of cells in the back of the eye. Contains photoreceptors.

*Photoreceptors: Specialized cells that respond to light. Called rods and cones.

Term
Fovea
Definition
The center of the retina. The lens tries to focus light onto this pont. *Contains mostly cones.
Term
Optic Nerve
Definition

Axons from the retina gather together leave the eye, and go to the brain.

*Optic disk: Place where the optic nerve joins the eyeball. Creates blindspot.

Term
Dark Adaption
Definition

When going from a brightly lit place to a dark one.

Accomplished by RODS. Takes about 30 min.

*difficulty with adaptation can cause night blindness in older ppl.

Term
Light Adaptation
Definition

When going from the dar to a brightly lit place.

Accomplished by CONES.

Much faster than dark adaptation.

Term
Size Constancy
Definition
The tendancy to interpret an object as always being the same size, reguardless of its distance.
Term
Shape Constancy
Definition
The tendancy to interpret the shape of an object as being constant, even when its shape changes on the retina.
Term
Brightness constancy
Definition
The tendancy to perceive the brighness of an object as the shame, even when the light conditions change.
Term
Stage 1
Definition
trasition b/w wakefulness and sleep; theta waves begin.
Term
Stage 2
Definition
Quiet sleep; mostly theta waves; K-complexes and slep spindles appear.
Term
Stage 3
Definition
Deeper sleep; Delta waves begin to appear
Term
Stage 4
Definition
Deepest sleep; Mostly delta waves
Term
Rem Sleep
Definition
Rapid eye movement
Term
Development
Definition

The scientific study of changes that occur in people as they age.

 

You can study any aspect of human behavior and thought with a developmental perspective.

Term
Cross sectional designs
Definition
Several different age grups are studied at one time point.
Term
Longitudinal designs
Definition
One participant or group of participants are studied over a long period of time.
Term
Cross sequential designs
Definition
Participants of different age groups are studied as in a cross sectional design but then followed and assesed at additional time points.
Term
Nature V. Nurture
Definition

Nature- influence of inheirited characteristics on our personality, growth, intelligence, emotional stability, etc.

Nurture- Influence of environment on the same stuff mentioned above.

Term
Change V. Stability
Definition
Are our traits mostly stable over time or do we change.
Term
Stages V. Continuity
Definition
Do we see behavior change in stages, or do we slow gradual changes along a contunuum
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