Term
| What are Psychology's two disciplines? |
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Definition
| Correlational Psychology and Experimental Psychology |
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Term
| What is correlational research? |
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Definition
| The factor being investigated is not manipulated; there are no IVs, DVs |
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Term
| What are correlational statistics? |
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Definition
| examines relationship between 2 variables to see if it is a statistically significant correlation |
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Term
| WHat kind of a scale is used with Pearsons r? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the other qualifications for Pearsons r |
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Definition
| Requires variance in both variables, must include a full range of scores (watch out for outliers) |
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Term
| What is the coefficient of determination and what does it mean? |
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Definition
| coefficient is r squared. It means that a certain percent of the variance in one variable is accounted for in the other variable |
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Term
| What kind of a statistic can Pearsons r be? |
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Definition
| Descriptive or an inferential (r measures correlation but the value doesn't tell us if the correlation is statistically significant or not) |
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Term
| When we interpret "r", when are the values statistically significant? |
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Definition
| When P< (or equal to) alpha |
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Term
| What does rejecting the null hypothesis mean? |
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Definition
| That a significant linear relationship exists between the two variables |
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Term
| How can we measure the impact of a potential correlation on two variables? |
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Definition
| By using a partial correlation (eliminates third variables and lets researcher see actual correlation) |
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Term
| What can you conclude if the partial correlation reduces the data to non significant? |
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Definition
| That it is an important third factor variable between the two factors. |
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Term
| What are the strengths of correlational research? |
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Definition
| it can hint at a causal relationship, it is based on real world data, it allows for prediction |
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Term
| What are the weaknesses of correlational research? |
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Definition
| It cannot claim causal data. |
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Term
| What is a factor in an experimental design? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the levels of the experimental design? |
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Definition
| the categories that comprise the factor (it makes the IV vary) |
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Term
| What are the conditions of an experimental design? |
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Definition
| The groups that are made up by combinations of levels of the IV |
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Term
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Definition
| Any uncontrolled, extraneous variable that covaries with the IV and could provide an alternate explanation for the results |
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Term
| How do you calculate the number of conditions? |
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Definition
| By multiplying the number of factors of variable A with variable B's factors |
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Term
| What is external validity? |
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Definition
| The degree to which research findings generalize beyong the specific content of the experiment |
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Term
| What is internal validity? |
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Definition
| The degree to which experiment is methodologically sound and confound-free. |
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Term
| What is a between-subjects design? |
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Definition
| Where the subjects experience different levels of the IV (cross-sectional study) |
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Term
| What is a within-subjects design? |
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Definition
| Where every participant gives data about all levels of the IV (longitudinal reseach) |
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Term
| How do you create equal groups in a between-subjects design? |
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Definition
| By using random assignment and matching |
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Term
| What are the single factor designs for between-subjects design? |
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Definition
| Independent groups, matched studies, nonequivalent groups (repeated measures-within subjects) |
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Term
| What is characteristical of an independent groups design, matched groups, nonequivalent groups, and repeated measures design? |
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Definition
| Random assignment, manipulated IV, subject IV, and Manipulated IV and control for sequence effects |
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Term
| What is experimenter bias? |
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Definition
| Where the experimenter inadvertently cues the participant to perform in a certain way |
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Term
| How can you eliminate experimenter bias? |
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Definition
| Using experimenter script or computers (standardizing protocols) or using a double-blind procedure |
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Term
| What is participant bias? |
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Definition
| Where the participant behavior is affected by their expectations and what they believe they should do in the study |
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Term
| How can we eliminate participant bias? |
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Definition
| By using a manipulation check (debriefing), field research (unknown observations), reduce demand characteristics |
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Term
| Why do we use more than 2 levels of single-factor, multilevel designs? |
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Definition
| To falsify alternative factors |
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Term
| What does a greater amount of t-tests conclude? |
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Definition
| A higher Type 1 error likelihood |
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Term
| What does ANOVA test for? |
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Definition
| Overall significance that exists somewhere between the levels |
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Term
| What does rejecting the null in a multilevel design not tell you? |
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Definition
| Which of the conditions in unequal |
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Term
| What does a post-hoc test discover? |
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Definition
| Which of the levels are significantly different from each other |
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Term
| What are the different kinds of control groups? |
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Definition
| Untreated control group, Placebo control group, Waiting list control group, Yoked control group |
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