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Definition
| Each member of the population has an equal chance |
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| Random start, then every nth person. e.g. every 4th person on a random list is selected |
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| Stratified Random Sampling |
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Definition
| Random sampling within certain subgroups, used to ensure proportions match the population e.g. half male, half female |
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| Cluster (Multistage) Sampling |
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Definition
| Random sampling within clusters (schools, classes, etc.), usually within a very large population |
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Definition
| Representative, each person in the population has a known probability of being sampled |
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Definition
| Non-representative or the representativeness is not known E.g. convenience and purposive |
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| A form of non-probability sampling a subset and uses it to represent a whole population, e.g. snowball and quota. |
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Definition
| Participants suggest others, commonly used in hard-to-track populations like drug users |
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Definition
| Set proportions (quotas) of how many people must participate from particular groups (similar to stratified sampling but on a convenience basis) non probability |
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Definition
| Classifies events and objects into categories, strictly a description (doesn't order or number) |
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Definition
| Authority (consider the source) and logic (beware of assumptions) |
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| Empirical (based on observation) |
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Definition
| Intuition (empirical but not scientific) and science |
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Term
| Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love |
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Definition
| Intimacy, passion, and commitment. Different combinations equal different types of love |
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Definition
| Individual characteristic (can't be manipulated, like age) |
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Term
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Definition
| Repeat more than one and use the average, use multiple methods (e.g. BMI, calipers, underwater weighing, etc.) |
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| Errors related to measurement |
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Definition
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Definition
| Ideal concept, cannot be directly observed e.g. love, intelligence, freedom, creativity |
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Term
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Definition
| We should use the simplest explanations to explain a given phenomena |
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Term
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Definition
| Inhumane military trials during the war inspired a code which gives ethical outline" voluntary and informed consent, avoid/protect from risk, right to withdraw without penalty, personnel should be scientifically trained |
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Term
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Definition
| Establishes the relationship between variables, measure them and look for relations, variables not influenced. predictor v outcome |
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Definition
| attempts to discover actual CAUSATION of one variable on another through manipulation of the variables |
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Definition
| Null findings, but they don't get published because it's not interesting |
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Term
| Funding Body for research |
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Definition
| Tri-council which is composed of 3 different agencies that you will never remember the names of |
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Term
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Definition
| Nuremberg, professional ethics (CPA/APA), and the funding body |
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Term
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Definition
| IRB (institution review board) and REB (research ethics board) |
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Definition
| To avoid influencing behavior they weren't told they were recorded |
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Term
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Definition
| identity and magnitude (size) |
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Term
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Definition
| identity, order/size, and equal intervals e.g. the celsius scale, gets colder than zero therefore its doesn't have an absolute zero |
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Term
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Definition
| identity, magnitude, equal intervals, and an absolute zero e.g. the weight of an object |
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Term
| Journal article structure |
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Definition
| Abstract > research/hypothesis > methods(design) > methods(sampling) > methods(data collection) > results > conclusion |
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Term
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Definition
| took a sample from her without her consent (she had cancer) called it the HILA line and is used all the way up until today |
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Term
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Definition
| Feeling coerced into participating in a study, e.g. your doctor suggesting a study and you participating and feeling pressured or thinking that he might not have as much time for you next time if you say no. |
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Term
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Definition
| US act that involves protecting locations, dates, etc. |
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Definition
| someone you think is a fellow participant but is actually another researcher to influence their behavior. a way to deceive people in research |
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Term
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Definition
| a variable for whether it’s a cause or effect is not clear e.g. whether watching violent tv shows causes violent behavior or whether a predisposition to violence causes people to watch violent TV shows. |
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Term
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Definition
| Make up twice as many questions then split them in half to see if both come up with the same conclusions |
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Term
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Definition
| water is a mass noun because you say: “can I have some water”, not “can I have some waters” |
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Definition
| independent variable (cause) |
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Term
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Definition
| choose this when they don't know enough about the topic then develop the coding system after they read the answers |
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Definition
| develop coding system before they read the answers, risk that participant might misunderstand the question |
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Term
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| Scientific concepts must be public |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability to refuse to participate and withdraw at any time |
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