Term
| what do afferent nerves do? |
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Definition
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Term
| what do efferent nerves do? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the major parts of the hindbrain? |
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Definition
| medulla, pons, cerebellum |
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Term
| what are the parts of the midbrain? |
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Definition
| superior colliculus, inferior colliculus |
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Term
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Definition
| selective awareness of external stimuli |
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Term
| in general, as the cycle of sleep recurs through the night, it tends to contain.. |
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Definition
| more stage 4 and more REM |
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Term
| peripheral nervous system |
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Definition
| made up of all the nerves that lie outside of the brain and spinal cords |
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Term
| what does the medulla do? |
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Definition
| connected to the spinal cord, regulates functions like heart rate and breathing |
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Term
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Definition
| connects the brainstem to the cerebellum, and affects arousal and dreaming |
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Term
| what does the cerebellum do? |
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Definition
| controls our Balance, coordination and movement by executing these demands. |
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Term
| what does the reticular formation control? |
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Definition
| arousal, waking and sleeping |
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Term
| what are the two main subdivisions of the central nervous system? |
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Definition
| the brain and spinal cord |
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Term
| what are the two main subdivisions of the peripheral nervous system? |
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Definition
| somatic and autonomic nervous systems |
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Term
| what are the three main parts of the brain? |
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Definition
| hindbrain, midbrain, forebrain |
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Term
| what are the parts of the forebrain? |
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Definition
| diencephalon and telencephalon |
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Term
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Definition
| the nerves that connect to voluntary skeletal muscles and sensory receptors (skin and muscle to nerves) |
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Term
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Definition
| made up of the nerves that connect to the heart, blood vessels, smooth muscles and glands. (controlled all by the central nervous system) |
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Term
| sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system |
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Definition
| the branch that mobilizes the body's resources for emergencies. |
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Term
| what the sympathetic division does |
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Definition
| slows the digestive process, drains blood from the periphery, sends signals to the adrenal glands and triggers the release of hormones. |
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Term
| parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system |
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Definition
| conserves the body's resources |
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Term
| what the parasympathetic division does |
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Definition
| activates processes that allow the body to save and store energy |
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Term
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Definition
| the opening in the center of the iris that helps regulate the amount of light that passes on to the rear chamber of the eye |
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Term
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Definition
| the "master gland" of the endocrine system. it releases a great amount of hormones throughout the body, stimulating actions in other endocrine glands. |
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Term
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Definition
| chemical substances released by the endocrine glands |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA segments that serve as the key functional units in the hereditary transmission |
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Term
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Definition
| characteristics that are influenced by more than one pair of genes |
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Term
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Definition
| threadlike strands of DNA molecules that carry out genetic information |
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Term
| electrical brain stimulation (ESB) |
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Definition
| a way to measure brain function that is conducted by sending a weak electric current into a brain structure to activate it. (only used for animals) |
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Term
| computerized tomography (CT scan) |
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Definition
| a computer-enhanced X-ray of the brain structure. (allows us to look at the human brain) |
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Term
| magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) |
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Definition
| a more recent scan that uses magnetic fields, radio waves and computerized enhancement to map out brain structure. |
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Term
| positron emission tomography (PET scan) |
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Definition
| scans that use radioactive markers to map chemical activity in the brain over time. (provide a color-coded map indicating what areas of the brain become active when subjects clench their fist, sing, or contemplate mysteries of the universe) |
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Term
| functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) |
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Definition
| scans that are used to try and pinpoint the brain areas that handle various types of mental tasks- by monitoring blood flow and oxygen consumption in the brain to identify areas of high activity. |
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Term
| what are the parts of the forebrain? |
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Definition
| thalamus, hypothalamus, & limbic system |
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Term
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Definition
| lower part of the brain stem |
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Term
| what are the parts of the diencephalon? |
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Definition
| hypothalamus and thalamus |
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Term
| what are the parts of the telencephalon? |
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Definition
| amygdala, hippocampus, basil ganglia, cerebral cortex |
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Term
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Definition
| the part of the forebrain that all of the sensory information must pass through to get to the cerebral cortex. (except smell) |
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Term
| what is the hypothalamus? |
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Definition
| structure near the base of the forebrain that regulates the basic biological needs. (4F's) |
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Term
| what is the limbic system? |
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Definition
| a loosely connected network of structures located between the cerebral cortex and deeper subcortical areas. |
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Term
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Definition
| moves memory from the short-term store to the long-term store. (formation of our memory) |
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Term
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Definition
| the outer layer of the cerebellum |
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Term
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Definition
| the right and left halves of the cerebellum |
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Term
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Definition
| the major structure that connects the two cerebral hemispheres |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of structures that compromise a motor system |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what are the lobes of the brain? |
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Definition
| temporal, occipital, parietal and frontal |
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Term
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Definition
| the awareness of internal and external stimuli |
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Term
| what do the temporal lobes do? |
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Definition
| has to do with auditory processing |
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Term
| what do the occipital lobes do? |
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Definition
| the area where most visual signals are sent and vision is begun |
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Term
| what do the parietal lobes do? |
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Definition
| the area that registers the sense of touch |
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Term
| what do the frontal lobes do? |
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Definition
| contain controls for speech, production, thinking, planning, reasoning, impulse control and motivation |
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Term
| what happens if the temporal lobe is damaged? |
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Definition
| it can impair the ability to comprehend speech and language. |
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Term
| what happens if the frontal lobe is damaged? |
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Definition
| shows deficits is planning, paying attention and getting organized. |
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Term
| the endocrine system consists of |
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Definition
| glands that secrete chemicals into the blood stream that help control bodily functioning |
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Term
| the endocrine system consists of |
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Definition
| glands that secrete chemicals into the blood stream that help control bodily functioning |
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Term
| much of the endocrine system is controlled by nervous system through the __________? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| sight; knowledge of where something is located |
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Term
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Definition
| hearing; knowing where sound is coming from |
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Term
| Jim has barely avoided a head on collision on a narrow road. with heart pounding, hands shaking and body perspiring, jim recognizes that these are signs of the bodys flight or fight response, which is controlled by |
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Definition
| the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system |
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Term
| the thalamus can be charactorized as... |
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Definition
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Term
| the scientist who won the nobel prize for his work with split brain patients is... |
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Definition
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Term
| sounds presented to the right ear are registered... |
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Definition
| more quickly in the left hemisphere |
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Term
| in people whose corpus callosums have not been severed, the verbal stimuli are identified more quickly and more accurately when... |
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Definition
| sent to the left hemisphere first |
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Term
| hormones are to the endocrine system as _____ are to the nervous system |
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Definition
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Term
| adopted childrens similarity to their biological parents is generally distributed to_____________; adopted childresn similarity is to their adoptive parents is generally attributed to____________ |
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Definition
| heredity; the environment |
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Term
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Definition
| focuses on one thing; being "in the zone" |
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Term
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Definition
| more than one focus; we let our minds wander |
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Term
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Definition
| no logic; we focus on fantasies or feelings of regret |
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Term
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Definition
| when a part of your brain finishes things you always do automatically (driving your car) |
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Term
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Definition
| 24-hour biological cycles found in humans and many other species. |
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Term
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Definition
| read a book, daydream, drift off to sleep, dream, drug induced states, hypnosis, meditation. |
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Term
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Definition
| a small structure in the hypothalamus that recieve direct inputs from the retina when they are exposed to light. |
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Term
| what are the stages of sleep? |
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Definition
| awake, drowsy, stage 1, stage 2, slow wave (stages 3 and 4) and REM sleep |
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Term
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Definition
| "desynchrony" activation (beta waves at high frequency) |
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Term
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Definition
| alpha waves are prominent, and its eyes closed and resting "synchrony" |
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Term
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Definition
| brief transitional stage of light sleep that only lasts about 10 minutes- your breathing and heart rate begins to slow down |
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Term
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Definition
| sleep spindles and "snoring" occurs but can have sudden jolts of "i'm awake" - usually occurs over a nighttime. |
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Term
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Definition
| the deepest sleep that can only be awoken by loud noises. when sleep walking, bed wetting and nightmares occur |
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Term
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Definition
| Rapid Eye Movement- deep stage of sleep marked by rapid eye movements, high frequency brain waves and dreaming. |
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Term
| during what stage do subjects usually remember what they were dreaming? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| stages 1 through 4 occur with relatively little dreaming and varied EEG activity |
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Term
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Definition
| measured with kinds of frequency |
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Term
| Why is REM sleep sometimes referred to as paradoxical sleep? |
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Definition
| because when you wake someone during an REM sleep, they are more likely to remeber what it was they were dreaming about |
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Term
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Definition
| infants experience more REM sleep than adults do |
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Term
| partial sleep deprivation |
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Definition
| occurs when people make do with substantially less sleep than normal over a period of time |
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