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| the ability to generate ideas or products hat are both novel and appropriate to the circumstances |
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| crystallized intelligence |
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| the facet of intelligence involving the knowledge a person has already acquired and the ability to access that knowledge; measures by vocabulary; arithmetic, and general information tests |
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| type of intelligence defined as the abilities to perceive, appraise, and express emotions accurately and appropriately, to use emotions to facilitate thinking, to understand and analyze emotions, to use emotional knowledge effectively, and to regulate one's emotions in order to promote growth |
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| the aspect of intelligence that involves the ability to see complex relationships and solve problems |
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| the biological unit of heredity; discrete section of a chromosome responsible for transmission of traits |
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| the genetic structure an organism inherits from its parents |
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| the biological transmission of traits from parents to offspring |
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| the relative influence of genetics-vs environment- in determining patterns of behavior |
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| the area of study that evaluates the genetic component of individual differences in behavior and traits |
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| the global capacity to profit from experience and to go beyond given information about the environment |
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| an index derived from standardized test of intelligence; originally obtained by dividing an individual's mental age by chronological age and then multiplied by 100; now directly computed as IQ score |
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| in Binet's measure measure of intelligence, the age at which a child is performing intellectually, expressed in terms of average age at which normal children achieve a particular score |
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| the psychological qualities of an individual that influence a variety of characteristic behavior patterns across different situations |
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| the observable characteristics of an organism, resulting from the interaction between the organism's genotype and environment |
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| characteristic that is influenced by more than one gene |
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| a set of uniform procedures for treating each participant in a test, interview or experiment for recording data |
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| a child's biologically based level of emotional and behavioral response to environmental events |
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| extent to which biology controls a trait. if something highly canalized it isn's affected by experience |
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| gene sets limits on potential but they do not determine the person |
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| child's genotype directly affects their own environment. this happens as they grow older and start niche pickin |
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| studies in which adopted children are examined in order to see if they are more like their biological parents (nature) or like their adoptive parents (nuture) |
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| the ability to complete academic tasks and problem solving tasks |
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| child temperament view. does the child approach new things or shy away from them |
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| the use of specified testing procedures to evaluate the abilities, behaviors, and personal qualities of people |
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| Created the first workable IQ test. its purpose was to discovery more effective teaching methods for developmentally disabled disabled kids |
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| the field of study that examines the role of genetics in animal (including human) behaviour |
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| scientist who studied the difference between fluid and crystalized intelligence |
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| the child's genes and their environment both impact their phenotype |
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| captures ppl's ability to deal with novel problems |
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| how cultures evolve over time. shows the cultural differences and how culturals have different views of whats important to intelligence |
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| culture and creativity share a strong link because the culture is the media which is used by the artist to express their creativity |
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| culture affects IQ because the culture impacts the nature in which the child is brought up in. this also affects what the child is exposed to ex: a computer or a farm |
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| survival of the fittest. explored gallapagos islands and found data which helped him to come up with theory of evolution |
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| surroundings in which an individual is raised in |
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| says there is a bad said to IQ tests bc it could possibly lead to people receiving labels which could limit them |
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| ethnic group differences in IQ |
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| african americans on average score 10-15 points lower than whites. hispanics score inbetween whites and blacks |
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| child's attitude affects how parents treat the child |
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| crucial to development and understanding of a child. each experience generates a reaction and shapes the child's personality |
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| studies used to see how many traits are controlled by genes and how often they are inheritaded |
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| says countries IQ's increased over time because of changes in genes and better eduction and health care |
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| twins that are not identical. they share as many traits as normal siblings |
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| gene-environment interaction |
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| the environment affects which traits are seen. ex: the rabbit with black and white fur that changes due to temperature |
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| says 80% of traits are inherited therefore differences in ethnic group differences are inherited |
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| did studies in verbal vs psychomotor intelligence. came up with the WAIS-IV test(must 16+ to take) |
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| studies used to see impact of nature vs nuture. identical twins used bc they have the same nature so the impact of nuture can be better seen |
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| twins with identical sets of DNA |
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| the parents genes and experiences affect the genes and environment of the child which forms the child's phenotype |
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| Skeels and environment stimulation |
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| in his work orphaned kids who were raised in poor environment were studied for a yr. during this yr they were given extra parental care. this improved IQ. |
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| low economic kids have lower scores. shows impact of nuture |
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| test area and tester impact results. hostile environment, uncomfortable, etc |
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| environment and type of upbringing child has. affects phenotype |
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| came up with model of interactive influences of parents and child in determining child's phenotype. (passive, evocative, and active models) |
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| Dimensions of Temperament. look at 8 categories. 5 most important are activity level, approach vs withdraw, long term adaptability, intensity, rhythmicity or regularity |
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| everything is a big deal or laid back approach |
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| studies temperament style. comes up with "slow to warm up" child. 15% of kids slow to warm up |
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| they are irregular. initially they withdraw from new things. they have a slow adaptation to change. low to moderate intensity. says theses things seem to be genetic |
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| as child gets older and has more control over environment they begin to break away from parents and they begin to choose their own friends and activities and form their niche |
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socioeconomic disadvantage
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| kids in lower economic households tend to have lower test scores |
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| child's temperament is stable across childhood (3mo- 10yr) |
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heritability for temperament, IQ
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| studies show IQ is 60% inherited. helps explain ethnic differences |
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| temperament research results |
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| shows there is stability across childhood. shows heritability index is about .60. shows 15% of kids are slow to warm up. shows effect of experience is unclear |
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| carried out an early and influential application of factor analysis in the domain of intelligence. discovers that persons performance of tests depends on their general intelligence (g) |
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| underlying factor that impacts all intelligent performance |
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| says there r 3 types of intelligence: analytical, creative, and practical. these represent different ways of characterizing affective perfromance |
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| management of day to day affairs. involves your ability to adapt to new and different contexts, select appropriate contexts, and effectively shape your environment |
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| argued that people's performance on ability tests is influenced by stereotype threat- the threat of conforming to negative stereotypes |
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| ability to generate a variety of unusual solutions to a problem |
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| ability to gather together different sources of information to solve a problem |
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| did a lot of psycology studies with twins |
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| a mammalian hormone that acts primarily as a neurotransmitter in the brain |
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Psychomotor intelligence involves the physical, outward side of a person as opposed to the other intelligences which are more internal.
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| intelligence in the use of comprehension of language |
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genes have 60% heritability and combine with the environment to form the phenotype
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