Term
| Alternate-form reliability |
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Definition
| The extent to which a test, measurement, or classification system produces the same scientific observation each time it is applied. reliability types include test-retest, the relationship between the scores that a person achieves when he or she takes the same test twice; interrater, the relationship between the judgements that at least two raters make independently aboout a phenomenon; split half, the relationship between two halves of an assessment instrument that have been determined to be equivalent; alternate-form, the relationship between scores achieved by people when they complete two versions of a test that are judged to be equivalent; and internal consistency, the degree to which different items of an |
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Definition
| A sampling of ongoing cognitions, feelings, and overt behavior in their situational context. |
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| A form of behavioral assessment that entails careful observation of a person's overt behavior in a particular situation. |
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| BOLD (blood oxygenation level dependent) |
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Definition
| the signal detected by FMRI studies of the brain; measures blood flow and thus neural activity in particular regions |
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Term
| categorical classification |
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Definition
| an approach to assessment in which a person is or is not a member of a discrete grouping |
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Definition
| general term for conversation between a clinician and a patient that is aimed at determining diagnosis, history, causes for problems, and possible treatment options |
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| the co-occurrence of two disorders, as when a person is both depressed and alcoholic |
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| in research, includes internal, the extent to which results can be confidently attributed to the manipulation of the independent variable, and external, the extent to which results may be generalized to other populations and settings. Validity as applied to psychiatric diagnoses inclues concurrent, the extent to which previously undiscovered features are found among patients with the sae diagnosis, and predictive, the extent to which predictions can be made about the future behavior of patients with the same diagnosis. Validity as applied to psychological and psychiatric measures includes content validity, the extent to which a measure adequately samples the domain of interest, and criterion, the extent to which a measure is associated in an expected way with some other measure (the criterion). |
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Definition
| the extent to which scores or ratings on an assessment instrument relate to other variables or behaviors accordig to some theory or hypothesis. |
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Definition
| refers to computerized axial tomography, a method of diagnosis in which X-rays are taken from different angles and then analyzed to produce a representation of the part of the body in cross section. |
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Term
| Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental |
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Definition
| the current diagnostic and statistical menual of mental disorders of the american psychiatric association |
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Definition
| the current diagnostic and statistical menual of mental disorders of the american psychiatric association |
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| ecological momentary assessment (EMA) |
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Definition
| form of self-observation involving collection of data in real time (e.g., diaries) regarding thoughts, moods, and stressors. |
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Definition
| a recording of the electrical activity of the heart, made with an electrocardiograph |
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Definition
| a recording of the minute electrical activity of the sweat glands on the skin, allowing inference of an emotional state |
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| electroencephalogram, (EEG) |
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Definition
| a graphic recording of electrical activity of the brain, usually of the cerebral cortex, but sometimes of lower areas |
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Definition
| modificationof magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that allows researchers to take pictures of the brain so quickly that metabolic changes can be measured, resulting in a picture of the brain at work rather than of its structure alone. |
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Definition
| a standardized means of assessing a person's current mental ability, for example, the stanford--binet test or the wechsler adult intelligence scale |
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Term
| magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) |
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Definition
| a technique for measuring the structure (or, in the case of functional magnetic resonance imaging, the activity) of the living brain. the person is palced inside a large circular magnet that causes hydrogen atoms to move; the return of the atoms to their original positions when the current to the magnet is turned off is translated by a computer into pictures of brain tissue. |
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Definition
| a chemical breakdown product of an endogenous molecule, such as a neurotransmitter, or of an exogenous drug; used to gague current or recent level of its precursor |
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Term
| minnesota multiphasic personality inventory |
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Definition
| a lengthy personality inventory that identifies individuals with states such as anxiety, depression, masculinity--femininity, and paranoia, through their true--false replies to groups of statements |
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Term
| multiaxial classification system |
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Definition
| classification having several dimensions, all of which are employed in categorizing; DSM-IV-TR is an example |
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Definition
| a psysician who specializes in medical diseases that affect the nervous system, such as muscular dystrophy, cerebral palsy, or alzheimer's disease |
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Definition
| psychological tests, such as the luri--nebraska, that can detect impairment in different parts of the brain. |
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Definition
| a psychologist who studies how brain dysfunction affects cognition, emotion, and behavior |
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Definition
| a self-report questionnaire comprised of statements assessing habitual behavioral and affective tendencies |
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| computer-generated picture of the living brain, created by analysis of emissions from radioactive isotypes injected into the bloodstream |
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| the notion that standard but highly unstructured stimuli, as found in the rorschach assessment's series of inkblots, are necessary to bypass defenses in order to reveal unconscious motives and conflicts |
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Definition
| a psychological assessment device, such as the rorschach series of inkblots, employing a set of standard but vague stimuli, on the assumption that unstructured material will allow unconscious motivations and fears to be uncovered |
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| standardized procedures designed to measure perormance on a particular task or to assess personality |
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| the discipline concerned with the bodily changes that accompany psychological events |
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| the phenomenon wherein behavior changes because it is being observed |
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Definition
| a projective test in which the examinee is instructed to interpret a series of 10 inkblots reproduced on cards |
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| in behavioral assessment, a procedure whereby the individual observs and reports certain aspects of his or her own behavior, thoughts, or emotions |
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Definition
| the process of constructing a normed assessment procedure that meets the various psychometric criteria for reliability and validity |
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Definition
| state of an organism subjected to a stressor; can take the form of increased autonomic activity and in the long term can cause breakdown o an organ or development of a mental disorder |
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Definition
| an interview in which the questions are set out in a prescribed fashion for the interviewer; assists professionals in making disgnostic decisions based on standardized criteria |
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Term
| the thematic apperception test (TAT) |
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Definition
| a projective test consisting of black-and-white pictures, each depicting a potentially emotion-laden situation, abouteach of which the examinee is instructed to make up a story |
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