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Psych 121
Chapter 10 Intelligence
64
Psychology
Undergraduate 2
01/24/2012

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Term
Intelligence
Definition
Ability to direct one's thinking, adapt to one's circumstances, and learn from one's experience.
Term
Sir Francis Galton (Darwins cousin)
Definition
Believed heredity was responsible for human differences in intelligence and ability.

Founder of Eugenics

Intelligence is related to the efficiency of how our brains work as well as possession of keen perceptual skills.
Term
Eugenics
Definition
Movement proposed by Francis Galton which suggested that a nations IQ could be increased through selective breeding sterilization of feebleminded people.
Term
Alfred Binet & Theodore Simon
Definition
Developed a test for measuring childrens vocabulary, memory, numbers.
Term
Lewis Terman (standford Uni)
Definition
Modified the Binet-Simon test to the standoford-Binet scale. 1916
Term
Henry Goddard (Ellis Island 1920)
Definition
Employed intelligence test discriminatively towards Ellis island immigrants looking for feeblemindedness.

"Feebleminded" should not be allowed to breed similar to Galton & Eugenics.
Term
David Wechsler
Definition
Developed a test for use among adults (WAIS). WAIS is a verbal and performance test.

Also developed a test for Children (WISC)
Term
Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
Definition
formula used to determine intelligence
Term
Mental Age (MA)
Definition
Child's level of intellectual development relative to other children.
Term
Standard Deviation
Definition
Average distance between scores in your sample and the mean. Anything below 70 is considered mentally retarded and anything above 130 (2 deviations) is considered gifted.
Term
Reliability
Definition
Same result everytime, same score over repeated testing.
Term
Validity
Definition
Ability to test what it is supposed to test and predict what it is supposed to predict.

-Validity implies reliability
-Higher IQ predicts higher academic performance
-Intelligence tests reflect cultural bias.
Term
Cultural Values & Experiences affect
Definition
Attitudes, comfort, motivation, competitiveness, and problem solving.
Term
Culture fair test
Definition
Designed to reduce cultural bias
Term
Charles Spearman
Definition
-Believed in general intelligence.
-The "G" factor
-Idea that one general factor "G" underlies all mental abilities
Term
R.B Cattell
Definition
Identified Z clusters of mental abilities that contribute to Spearman's "G"

Crystalized Intelligence: knowledge acquired through experience

Fluid Intelligence: Info processing in novel or complex situations.
Term
Emotional Intelligence
Definition
Owns emotion (knowing)
-Owns emotion (managing)
-Using emotions to motivate oneself
-Recognizing emotions in other people
-Managing relationships
Term
Howard Gavgners
Definition
Theory of multiple Intelligence.
Term
Savant Syndrome
Definition
Occurs in people who are handicapped in overall intelligence, yet demonstrate exceptional ability in a specific area. (arts, music, memory, calc)
Term
Prodigy
Definition
Individual with normal intelligence, with extraordinary abilities in specific areas.
Term
Causes of Mental Retardation (MR)
Definition
Parental care, Chromosomes and genetic disorders, Deprived environments, physical trauma, infectious disease.
Term
Levels of Mental Retardation (MR)
Definition
-Lower than IQ scores (weschler 70)
-Difficulty adapting to environment
-Presence of such problems before the age of 18
-approximately 90% of (MR) have mild (MR) have down syndrome(6th grader mind, live on their own)
-People with Moderate (MR) 6%. (IQ 40-54) grade 2 mind
-About 3 % of people with (MR) are severely retarded (IQ 25-39) dependent on others.
-Only 1% of (MR) are classified as profoundly retarded. (IQ below 25 need total supervision)
Term
Giftedness
Definition
Superior IQ 130+ combined with ability in academics, creativity and or leadership.
-moderately 130+ (1/50)
-Highly 145+ (1/1000)
-Exceptionally 160+ (1/30000)
-Profoundly 175+ (1/3 million)
Term
Factors effecting mental IQ/growth
Definition
Genes and Environment both influence intelligence.
-Ultimate nature + nurture relation
Term
Environmental Factors effecting Intelligence
Definition
Nutrition, education, environmental toxins, social class, maternal parental care, breast feeding.

Mothers breast feeding increases academic performance and measured intelligence.
Term
Economics & Intelligence
Definition
One of the best predictors of intelligence is wealth (SES)
-can raise IQ by 12-18 points
-IQ tests have dramatically improved during the last century
-On average 3 points every 10 years( flyn effect)
Term
Flynn Effect
Definition
Intelligence tests have to be continually re-standardized for a mean of 100.
Term
Stereotype Threat
Definition
Risk of being personally reduced to a negative stereotype can evoke a disruptive state that interferes with the individuals performance.
Term
Diversity
Definition
Everybody is vulnerable to stereotype threats in one way or another.

Feeling threatened by a stereotype depends on which social identity has been activated.
Term
Gender Differences in Intelligence
Definition
Men & Women do not differ in Intelligence

Men however, are more likely to fall in the extreme of the intelligence scale.
Term
Motivation & studies
Definition
Motivation to work hard, at intellectual task.

e.g (asian people are better at maths, north american attribute that to innate skill with asian parents, students and teachers attribute it to hard work)
Term
Animal Thinking
Definition
Anthropomorphism: falsely attributing human qualities to a non human. (e.g. dog has low self esteem)

Anthropodenial: The tendency to think mistakenly that human beings have nothing in common with other animals in intelligence.
Term
Intelligence
Definition
Ability to direct one's thinking, adapt to one's circumstances, and learn from one's experience.
Term
Sir Francis Galton (Darwins cousin)
Definition
Believed heredity was responsible for human differences in intelligence and ability.

Founder of Eugenics

Intelligence is related to the efficiency of how our brains work as well as possession of keen perceptual skills.
Term
Eugenics
Definition
Movement proposed by Francis Galton which suggested that a nations IQ could be increased through selective breeding sterilization of feebleminded people.
Term
Alfred Binet & Theodore Simon
Definition
Developed a test for measuring childrens vocabulary, memory, numbers.
Term
Lewis Terman (standford Uni)
Definition
Modified the Binet-Simon test to the standoford-Binet scale. 1916
Term
Henry Goddard (Ellis Island 1920)
Definition
Employed intelligence test discriminatively towards Ellis island immigrants looking for feeblemindedness.

"Feebleminded" should not be allowed to breed similar to Galton & Eugenics.
Term
David Wechsler
Definition
Developed a test for use among adults (WAIS). WAIS is a verbal and performance test.

Also developed a test for Children (WISC)
Term
Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
Definition
formula used to determine intelligence
Term
Mental Age (MA)
Definition
Child's level of intellectual development relative to other children.
Term
Standard Deviation
Definition
Average distance between scores in your sample and the mean. Anything below 70 is considered mentally retarded and anything above 130 (2 deviations) is considered gifted.
Term
Reliability
Definition
Same result everytime, same score over repeated testing.
Term
Validity
Definition
Ability to test what it is supposed to test and predict what it is supposed to predict.

-Validity implies reliability
-Higher IQ predicts higher academic performance
-Intelligence tests reflect cultural bias.
Term
Cultural Values & Experiences affect
Definition
Attitudes, comfort, motivation, competitiveness, and problem solving.
Term
Culture fair test
Definition
Designed to reduce cultural bias
Term
Charles Spearman
Definition
-Believed in general intelligence.
-The "G" factor
-Idea that one general factor "G" underlies all mental abilities
Term
R.B Cattell
Definition
Identified Z clusters of mental abilities that contribute to Spearman's "G"

Crystalized Intelligence: knowledge acquired through experience

Fluid Intelligence: Info processing in novel or complex situations.
Term
Emotional Intelligence
Definition
Owns emotion (knowing)
-Owns emotion (managing)
-Using emotions to motivate oneself
-Recognizing emotions in other people
-Managing relationships
Term
Howard Gavgners
Definition
Theory of multiple Intelligence.
Term
Savant Syndrome
Definition
Occurs in people who are handicapped in overall intelligence, yet demonstrate exceptional ability in a specific area. (arts, music, memory, calc)
Term
Prodigy
Definition
Individual with normal intelligence, with extraordinary abilities in specific areas.
Term
Causes of Mental Retardation (MR)
Definition
Parental care, Chromosomes and genetic disorders, Deprived environments, physical trauma, infectious disease.
Term
Levels of Mental Retardation (MR)
Definition
-Lower than IQ scores (weschler 70)
-Difficulty adapting to environment
-Presence of such problems before the age of 18
-approximately 90% of (MR) have mild (MR) have down syndrome(6th grader mind, live on their own)
-People with Moderate (MR) 6%. (IQ 40-54) grade 2 mind
-About 3 % of people with (MR) are severely retarded (IQ 25-39) dependent on others.
-Only 1% of (MR) are classified as profoundly retarded. (IQ below 25 need total supervision)
Term
Giftedness
Definition
Superior IQ 130+ combined with ability in academics, creativity and or leadership.
-moderately 130+ (1/50)
-Highly 145+ (1/1000)
-Exceptionally 160+ (1/30000)
-Profoundly 175+ (1/3 million)
Term
Factors effecting mental IQ/growth
Definition
Genes and Environment both influence intelligence.
-Ultimate nature + nurture relation
Term
Environmental Factors effecting Intelligence
Definition
Nutrition, education, environmental toxins, social class, maternal parental care, breast feeding.

Mothers breast feeding increases academic performance and measured intelligence.
Term
Economics & Intelligence
Definition
One of the best predictors of intelligence is wealth (SES)
-can raise IQ by 12-18 points
-IQ tests have dramatically improved during the last century
-On average 3 points every 10 years( flyn effect)
Term
Flynn Effect
Definition
Intelligence tests have to be continually re-standardized for a mean of 100.
Term
Stereotype Threat
Definition
Risk of being personally reduced to a negative stereotype can evoke a disruptive state that interferes with the individuals performance.
Term
Diversity
Definition
Everybody is vulnerable to stereotype threats in one way or another.

Feeling threatened by a stereotype depends on which social identity has been activated.
Term
Gender Differences in Intelligence
Definition
Men & Women do not differ in Intelligence

Men however, are more likely to fall in the extreme of the intelligence scale.
Term
Motivation & studies
Definition
Motivation to work hard, at intellectual task.

e.g (asian people are better at maths, north american attribute that to innate skill with asian parents, students and teachers attribute it to hard work)
Term
Animal Thinking
Definition
Anthropomorphism: falsely attributing human qualities to a non human. (e.g. dog has low self esteem)

Anthropodenial: The tendency to think mistakenly that human beings have nothing in common with other animals in intelligence.
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