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Psych 111 dr. Hedges test #2
test #2
25
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
08/09/2007

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Cards

Term
Schema
Definition
Standards for social behavior
Term
Propositions
Definition
Linkage of concepts (this is how we think)
Term
Formal or Deductive Reasoning
Definition
Careful thought
Term
Inductive reasoning
Definition
Multiple solutions
Unclear
Must be Developed
Term
Five potential errors in reasoning
Definition
1. Mood States
2. Belief Systems
3. Confirmation bias (use only what you agree with)
4. Social Contest (mob mentality)
5. Hindsight (overconfidence in abilities)
Term
Heuruistics
Definition
Mental shortcuts for making decisions quickly
Term
Representative Heuristic
Definition
Base Rate (It's a horse, not a zebra)
Term
Anchoring and Adjustment
Definition
Blue Book Value
Term
Framing
Definition
Emphasize good part
Term
Escalation of commitment
Definition
Don't want to admit mistake
Term
Fixation
Definition
Set on a different way of thinking
Term
Functional Fixedness
Definition
Look for screwdriver when a dime would have worked
Term
Mental Set
Definition
Type of fixation where you do something even though there's a better alternative
Term
Problem solving methods (five)
Definition
1. Trial and Error
2. Algorithm
3. Analogy
4. Means/End Analysis
5. Metacognitive Reasoning - Envision problem from different viewpoint
Term
Language
Definition
System of symbols and the rules that combine them
Term
Phoneme
Definition
Basic unit of language sounds (46 in English)
Term
Morphemes
Definition
Basic unit of language meaning (like "-s" to make plural) 100,000 in English
Term
Syntax rules
Definition
Rules govening the combination of Phonemes and Morphemes.
Term
Comprehension
Definition
Understanding. can't be ambiguous like "last night I saw an alligator in my pink pajamas"
Term
Surface syntax
Definition
Words work, but don't mean anything like "purple ideas rage furiously"
Term
Deep Structure
Definition
Understand deep meaning like jokes and proverbs
Term
Word learning per day average
Definition
six to seven words per day
Term
Social Language Learning
Definition
Product of imitation and operant conditioning
Term
Universal Grammar
Definition
Humans are hard-wired for language with nouns, verbs, etc...
Term
Language development (eight stages)
Definition
2 months - first social smile
3 months - coo
6 months - babble (all phonemes of every language)
10 months - phonemes pruned
1 year - one word stage
1.5 years - approx 50 words known and learning accelerates
4 years - Rudiments of speech
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