Term
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Definition
The association of one feature of an object with another feature
Ex: the look and color of food with the salivating taste and texture features of that food. |
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Term
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Definition
immobility of body and whiskers
Boulton and Bolles (1980) |
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Term
| lick-suppression procedure |
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Definition
a conditioned suppression procedure
conditioned fear |
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Term
| Conditioned emotional response (CER) |
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Definition
Estes and Skinner (1941)
A kind of conditioned fear
1. trained to press lever for food -> behavioral baseline for fear measurement.
2. lever pressing at steady rate, remove food, fear conditioning is introduced (tone or light is paired with shock).
3. Measure suppression level by number of lever presses. |
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Term
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Definition
Supression ratio = CS responding : (CS responding + preCS responding)
responding is measured, for example, by number of lever presses |
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Term
| Three techniques to identify neural pathways |
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Definition
1. electrical recording when US is presented
2. inactivation of different parts of the neural system
3. artificial stimulation of circuit |
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Term
| Eyeblink conditioning depends on |
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Definition
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Term
eyeblink neural pathway Neural pathway for acquisition and performance of CR
[image] |
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Definition
| projection neurons from eye to trigeminal nucleus in brainstem, either directly, or via the reticular formation, to the cranial motor nucleus where motor output is organized |
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Term
| Sign tracking, aka. Autoshaping |
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Definition
Approaching and Contacting stimuli, such as food from afar.
Interestingly, the animals approach the CS rather than the actual US before the US is released
* Occurs only with localized CS that can be approached and tracked. Diffuse spatial and contextual cues can only increase general activity rather than a n approach response. |
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Term
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Definition
| Can be conditioned in as few as ONE trial. Evidence suggests independent of rational thoughts. |
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Term
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Definition
| Subject's evaluation of a stimulus is changed by associating that stimulus with another that the subject already likes or dislikes. |
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Term
| five common classical conditioning procedures (know each and every of them, incl. procedure, benefits, efficacy, disadvantages, etc.) |
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Definition
Fig. 3.7
Simultaneous conditioning
short-delay conditioning
long-delay conditioning
trace conditioning
backward conditioning (w/ or w/o unmasking |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Magnitude
Probability
Latency |
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Term
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Definition
| Exposure to CS+ sometimes leads to increased responding to US or the whole compound only b/c of the exposure to the US. (i.e. no association between CS and US was actually established) |
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Term
| 2 control procedures for classical conditioning |
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Definition
1. Random Control Procedure
2. Explicitly Unpaired Control |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of the same number and distribution of CS and US presentations as experimental, but CSs and USs are arranged so that no association occurs. |
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Term
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Definition
| USs are presented periodically during both the CS and the intertrial interval. However, this procedure does not prevent development of conditioned responding. |
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Term
| Explicitly Unpaired Control procedure |
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Definition
| CS and US are presented far enough in time to prevent association. How distant, however, depends on the response system. Taste aversion usually needs longer separation than other systems. |
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Term
| CS-US interval (interstimulus interval) |
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Definition
Time elapsed between the start of CS and the start of US.
Fig 3.8
CS-US interval = 0 -> little association
CS-US interval is small -> maximal conditioning
CS-US interval is large -> decreased conditioning, even in taste aversion |
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Term
| effectiveness of conditioning procedures |
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Definition
Contiguity and contingency
How close CS and US are
Probability that they are presented together. |
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Term
| Best conditioning of the CS is when the CS is highly predictive of the US |
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Definition
Increased CS-US interval decreases conditioning effectiveness. Therefore, while short-delay conditioning is usually considered more effective than trace conditioning (contiguity), if the delay is large, long-delay conditioning can actually be less effective than trace conditioning of a short trace interval.
In trace conditioning, the best predictor of the US is actually the trace interval |
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Term
| In a fear conditioning study, the CR for short-delayed conditioning is freezing, but the CR for simultaneous conditioning is movement away from the CS or escape |
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Definition
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Term
| temporal coding hypothesis |
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Definition
| Following conditioning, animals not only knows what to expect but also when to expect |
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Term
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Definition
| learning to predict the ABSENCE of the US |
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Term
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Definition
| signal for the absence of the US (or the signal that the US is about to be over. |
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Term
| Inhibitory conditioning's prerequisite |
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Definition
| is an excitatory context for the US in question, i.e. there has to be an excitatory process going on already for inhibitory conditioning to be meaningful. |
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Term
| For unpredicted panic attacks, the general anxiety goes up from the day before to the day after the attack. |
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Definition
| For predicted panic attacks, the general anxiety steeps down from the day before to the day after the attack. |
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Term
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Definition
after excitatorily conditioning CS+ with US, condition CS+/CS- compound with no US to condition CS- as inhibitor.
*Environmental cues (such as the chamber) can serve as the excitatory context. |
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