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| mental processes or thinking. |
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| symbols that convey meaning and rules for their combination which can be used to generate an infinite variety of messages. |
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| smallest unit of speech that can be distinguished perceptually. |
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| smallest units of meaning in a language |
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| the area of language concerned with understanding the meanings of words and word combinations |
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| a system of rules that specify how words can be arranged into sentences. |
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| process by which children map a word onto an underlying concept after only one exposure. |
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| a child incorrectly uses a word to describe a wider set of objects or actions that its meant to. |
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| child incorrectly uses a word to describe a narrower set of objects or actions that its meant to. (ex, only the favorite doll is called doll) |
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| consists mainly of content words: many are omitted. (ex, "give doll") |
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| mean length of utterance (MLU) |
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| average length of youngsters spoken statement, measured in morphemes |
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| occur when grammatical rules are incorrectly generalized to irregular cases where they do not apply. |
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| nativist theory proposes that humans have a ... |
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| language acquisition device (LAD) |
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| Language Acquisition device |
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| an innate mechanism or process that facilitates the learning of language. |
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| hypothesis that ones language determines ones nature of thought. |
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| require people to discover the relations among numbers, words, symbols, or ideas. series completion and analogy |
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| require people to arrange the parts of a problem in a way that satisfies some criterion. string problem and anagrams. |
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| problems of transformation |
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| require people to carry out a series of transformations in order to reach a goal. (hobbits and water jar) |
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| the tendency to perceive an item only in terms of its most common use |
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| the tendency to perceive an item only in terms of its most common use |
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| exits whem people persist in using problem solving strategies that have worked in the past. |
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| set of possible pathways to a solution considered by the problem solver |
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| involves trying possible solutions and discarding those that are in error until one works |
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| methodical stp by stp procedure for trying all possible alternatives |
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| guiding principle or rule of thumb used in solving problems or desicion making. |
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| selecting the alternative at each choice point that appears to lead most directly to ones goal |
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| theory of bounded rationality |
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| people tend to use simple strategies in decision making that focus only on a few facets of available options and often result in "irrational" decisions. |
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| includes making choices under conditions of uncertainty |
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| basing the estimated probability of an event on the ease with which relevant instances come to mind |
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| representativeness heuristic |
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| involves basing the estimated probability of an event on how similar it is to the typical prototype of that event |
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| occurs when people estimate that the odds of two uncertain events happening together are greater than the odds of either event happening alone |
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