Term
| Information processing model |
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Definition
| Relates mind to a computer. |
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Term
| four stages of the information processing model |
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Definition
1. encoding.
2 storage
3retrieval
4 forgetting |
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Term
| Which method of encoding works best when its on its own? |
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Definition
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Term
| Declarative/Explicit Memory |
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Definition
| You can talk about something because you fully understand it. |
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Term
| Motor Encoding leads to nondeclarative/implicit/procedural memory which.... |
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Definition
| are actions you perform without thought or articulation. |
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Term
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Definition
| translating info into images aides information recall. Not stronger than semantic, but better than acoustic. |
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Term
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Definition
| Semantic and Visual coding work well together, better than either alone. |
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Term
| Level of Processing Theory |
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Definition
| The deeper the level of memory, the better the recall. |
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Term
| Mood/State Dependent Memory |
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Definition
| Mood during encoding and retrieval should be the same for best retrieval results. |
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Term
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Definition
Emotional tone of info when congruent with mood when trying to retrieve leads to the best results.
ex, its easier to remember sad things when you are sad. |
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Term
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Definition
| involves focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events. |
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Term
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Definition
| linking a stimulus to other information at the time of encoding. |
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Term
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Definition
| involves deciding how or whether information is personally relevant. |
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Term
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Definition
| preserves information in its original sensory form for a brief time, usually only a fraction of a second. |
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Term
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Definition
| limited capacity store that can maintain unrehearsed information for about 10 to 20 seconds |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of repetitively verbalizing or thinking about the information. |
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Term
| Baddeley's 4 aspects of working memory |
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Definition
| phonological loop (repeating...in order to quickly remember a telephone number), visuospatial sketchpad (allows people to hold and temporarily manipulate visual images), central executive system (controls deployment of attention), episodic buffer (temporary ltd capacity store that is between working memory and longterm memory |
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Term
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Definition
| multilevel classification system based on common properties among items. |
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Term
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Definition
| organized cluster of knowledge about a particular objects or event abstracted from previous experience with the object or event. |
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Term
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Definition
| nodes representing concepts, joined together by pathways that link related concepts. |
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Term
| Connectionist models of memory |
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Definition
| take their inspiration from how neural networks appear to handle information |
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Term
| parallel distributed processing |
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Definition
| simultaneous processing of the same information that is spread across a network of neurons. |
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Term
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Definition
| requires executing operations in a single sequence |
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Term
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Definition
| often seen in court. participants recall is altered by introducing postevent information. (use of words like HIT vs, SMASHED when being questioned) |
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Term
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Definition
| making attributions about the origins of memories |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when a memory derived from one source is misattributed to another source. |
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Term
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Definition
| unintentional plagarism that occurs when people come up with an idea they think is original when they were actually exposed to it earlier |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to the process of deciding whether memories are based on external sources (perceptions of actual events) or internal sources (ones thoughts and feelings). |
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Term
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Definition
| requires a subject to memorize information a second time to determine how many practice trails are saved by having learned it before. |
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Term
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Definition
| it appears that you forgot something, but you never really memorized it in the first place. |
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Term
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Definition
| Proposes that forgetting occurs because memory traces fade over time. |
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Term
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Definition
| new information learned impairs the retention of previously learned information |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when previously learned things interfere with the retention of new information |
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Term
| Encoding Specificity Principle |
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Definition
| the value of retrieval cue depends on how well it corresponds to the memory code. |
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Term
| Transfer-Appropriate Processing |
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Definition
| occurs when the initial processing of information is similar to the type of processing required by the subsequent measure of retention. (semantic to semantic is better than visual to semantic) |
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Term
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Definition
| a longlasting increase in neural excitability at synapses along a specific neural pathway. |
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Term
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Definition
| loss of memories that occurred before amnesia |
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Term
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Definition
| involves the loss of memories for events that occurred after the onset of amnesia. |
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Term
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Definition
| the hypothetical process involving the gradual conversion of information into durable memory codes stored in long-term memory. |
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Term
| declarative memory system |
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Definition
| handles factual information |
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Term
| nondeclarative memory system |
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Definition
| houses memories for things that are conditinoed responses and emotional responses. Procedural memories |
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Term
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Definition
| (part of declarative system) made up of chronological or temporally dated recollections of personal experiences. |
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Term
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Definition
| (part of declarative system) contains general knowledge that is not tied to the time when the information was learned |
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Term
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Definition
| remembering events in the past. previously learned information |
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Term
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Definition
| remembering to perform actions in the future. |
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Term
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Definition
| subjects remember items at the beginning and end of a list more than the ones in the middle |
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