Term
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Definition
| How physical characteristics of stimuli and humans experiences of them relate. |
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Term
| What is the range frequency humans can hear? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the visible spectrum for humans? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Minimum amount of stimulus energy for observer to detect stimulus 50 percent of the time. |
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Term
| What are three methods to measure absolute threshold? |
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Definition
Method of Limits (ascending/descending sweetness test)
Method of Constant stimuli (random order)
Signal Detection Theory (pure measure of sensitivity) |
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Term
| Two flaws associated with the method of limits are... |
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Definition
| error of habituation, error of anticipation |
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Term
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Definition
| minimum change in stimulus needed to produce a just noticeable difference 50 percent of the time |
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Term
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Definition
| Weber's Law states that the ratio of the increment threshold to the background intensity is a constant. So when you are in a noisy environment you must shout to be heard while a whisper works in a quiet room. And when you measure increment thresholds on various intensity backgrounds, the thresholds increase in proportion to the background. |
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Term
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Definition
| bulges our and bends light rays. stays the same, does not move. |
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Term
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Definition
| changes shape to bend light rays |
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Term
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Definition
| The process by which divergent light rays are converged (brought to a focal point) on retina. |
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Term
| The retina has ___ layers known as.... |
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Definition
| 3; ganglion, bipolar, (rods and cones) |
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Term
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Definition
| takes information to occipital lobe |
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Term
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Definition
| most abundant in center. best with color vision and fine details. |
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Term
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Definition
| most abundant in periphary, less in center. best in night vision |
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Term
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Definition
| Center of retina where image you look at directly falls. Contains ONLY cones. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cones work best under well lit conditions |
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Term
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Definition
| Rods work best under poorly lit conditions |
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Term
| Motion-Specific Detectors |
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Definition
| specialize feature detectors that detect movement in one way, but not others. |
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Term
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Definition
| the detection of a stimuli involves decision processes as well as sensory ones, which are both influenced by a variety of factors |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Receptive Field of a Visual Cell |
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Definition
| the retinal area that, when stimulated, affects the firing of that cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| Neural activity in one cell opposes activity in its surrounding cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| point at which the optic nerves from the inside half of each eye cross over and then project onto the opposite half of the brain. |
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Term
Additive color mixing
Subtractive color mixing |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| pairs that produce gray tones when mixed together. |
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Term
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Definition
| readiness to perceive a stimulus in a particular way. |
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Term
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Definition
| Process of detecting specific elements in visual input and assembling them into a more complex form. |
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Term
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Definition
| Individual Elements---->whole picture |
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Term
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Definition
| perception of contours where none actually exist |
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Term
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Definition
| illusion of movement created by presenting visual stimuli in rapid succession. |
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Term
| Distal & proximal Stimuli |
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Definition
D- Outside of body
P- stimulus energies that impinge directly on sensory receptors.
(ex. You see a door. It is a rectangle(distal) you it appears to be a trapezoid (proximal), but you know that it is not due to interpretation. |
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Term
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Definition
| right and left eyes see slightly different views of an object |
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Term
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Definition
| clues about distance based on the image in either eye alone |
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Term
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Definition
| retinal disparity, and convergence |
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Term
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Definition
| motion parallax & pictoral depth cues |
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Term
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Definition
| images of objects at different distances move across the retina at different rates. |
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Term
| SOUND amplitude, wavelength, purity |
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Definition
| a-loudness, w-pitch, p-timbre |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| (sound) groups of auditory nerve fibers fire neural impulses in rap succession, creating volleys of impulses. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Explain the Visual System (sense, stimulus, element of s, location or receptors, brain part) |
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Definition
| SIGHT. stimulus=light->wavelength (hue) amplitude (brightness) purity (saturation). located in retina, the receptors are rods and cones. processed in primary visual cortex. |
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Term
| Explain the Auditory system (sense, stimulus, element of s, location or receptors, brain part) |
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Definition
| HEARING. sound waves. amp(loudness)frequency (pitch) purity (timbre) receptors are hair cells lining the basilar membrane in the chochlea. Processed in Primary Auditory complex. |
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Term
| Explain the Gustatory system (sense, stimulus, element of s, location or receptors, brain part) |
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Definition
| stim- chemical substances, water soluble. 4 primary tastes sweet, sour, bitter, salty ((<-elements)) taste cells and taste budds are the receptors. Processed in primary taste cortex (insula) |
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Term
| Explain the Olfactory System (sense, stimulus, element of s, location or receptors, brain part) |
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Definition
| Stimuli are volatile chemical substances that can evaporate and be carried through the air. No proven elements. Receptors are olfactory cilia. Processed in primary olfactory cortex. |
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Term
| Explain the Tactile System (sense, stimulus, element of s, location or receptors, brain part) |
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Definition
| TOUCH. energy felt on skin. e- receptors register pressure, warmth, cold, and pain. Receptors are epidermis, meissner corpucles, merkel receptors, ruffini cylinder, pacinain corpuscle. processed in primary somatosensory cortex. |
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