Term
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Definition
| Strongest. Only way to determine cause/effect relationship. |
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Term
| What must all experiments have? (3) |
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Definition
| Independent V, Random Assignment, Confounds |
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Term
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Definition
| Blocks endorphines and stops analgesia. |
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Term
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Definition
| Subconciously impacts study based on SUBTLE communication of hypothesis to participants |
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Term
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Definition
| More than 1 Independent Variable |
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Term
| Within-Subjects Experiment |
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Definition
| Each participant is exposed to all level of experiment. |
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Term
| Between Subject Experiment |
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Definition
| Participant is exposed to only 1 level of IV |
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Term
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Definition
| How confident you are a relationship is cause/effect. (Because ALL confounds are controlled) |
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Term
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Definition
| Confidence results apply to other settings. (Real world & Other countries) |
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Term
| The higher the internal validity, the ______ the external validity because _________. |
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Definition
| lower. The lab is an artificial environment and settings are less likely to make sense in the real world. |
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Term
| To avoid observer bias.... |
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Definition
| have someone who is not aware of the hypothesis observe. |
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Term
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Definition
| Behavior changes when subject realizes they are being observed. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any variable other than independent that could influence the DV |
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Term
| What is the difference between a random sample and random assignment? |
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Definition
| Random assignment is used in experiments, a random sample is not. Random assignment is used to eliminate any differences and takes place by randomly assigning participants to two different groups. |
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Term
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Definition
| Applies to survey and non-experimental studies. Random group is selected from population. |
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Term
| Positive Correlation has a _____ relationship |
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Definition
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Term
| Negative correlation has an _______ relationship |
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Definition
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Term
| r(underlined)=correlation coefficient. The _______ from 0 the better stronger the relationship |
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Definition
| farther. (on a scale from 1 to -1) |
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Term
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Definition
| Even if two variables are strongly correlated in a non-experiment, you cannot determine which variable causes the other. |
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Term
| 3rd Hidden Variable Problem |
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Definition
| Correlation between two variables often seems related. Not necessarily cause/effect. 3rd hidden variable may relate to both. |
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Term
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Definition
| When exposed to information most consistent with expectations people tend to focus on the consistent parts and pay less attention to inconsistent parts. (prejudice) |
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Term
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Definition
| When a statement is so broad, its unlikely to be rejected. |
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Term
| GOALS OF SCIENTIFIC ENTERPRISE (3) |
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Definition
Measurement and Description
Understanding Prediction
Application and Control |
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Term
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Definition
| System of interrelated ideas used to explain a set of observations. |
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Term
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Definition
| Those other than the independent variable which may influence results. |
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Term
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Definition
| Belief that knowledge should be acquired through observation |
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Term
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Definition
| Researcher engages in careful observation of behavior without intervening directly with the subjects. |
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Term
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Definition
| Most frequent score in distribution |
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Term
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Definition
| Score that falls in the center of a distribution of scores. |
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Term
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Definition
| (SD) An index of the amount of variability in a set of data. |
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Term
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Definition
| How much the scores in a set vary from each other and the mean. |
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Term
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Definition
| Repetition of a study to see whether the earlier results are duplicated. |
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Term
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Definition
| Tendency to give socially approved answers to questions about ones self. (Error in self-report data) |
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Term
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Definition
| Tendency to respond to questions in a particular way that is unrelated to the context of the questions. |
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