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Psych 101 Test 3 (Tri-C)
Intro to Psych Chap 9
23
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
11/05/2006

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Term
motivation
Definition
all the processes that initiate, direct, and sustain behavior
Term
motives
Definition
needs or desires that energize and direct behavior toward a goal
Term
intrinsic motivation
Definition
the desire tp behave in a certain way because it is enjoyable or satisfying in and of itself
Term
extrinsic motivation
Definition
the desire to behave in a certain way in order to gain some external reward or to avoid some undesirable consequence
Term
incentives
Definition
an external stimulus that motivates behavior (for example, money or fame)
Term
drive-reduction theory
Definition
a theory of motivation suggesting that biological needs create internal states of tension or arousal- called drives- which organisms ar moticated to reduce
Term
drives
Definition
an internal state of tension or arousal that is brought about by an underlying need and that an organism is motivated to reduce
Term
homeostasis
Definition
the natural tendency of the body to maintain a balanced internal state in order to ensure physical survival
Term
arousal theory
Definition
a thory of motivation suggesting that people are motivated to maintain an optimal level of alertness and physical and mental activation
Term
yerkes-dodson law
Definition
the principle that performance on taks is best when the arousal level is appropriate to the difficulty of the task: higher arousal for simple tasks, modertate arousal for taks of moderate difficulty, and lower arousal for complex tasks
Term
maslow's hierarchy of needs
Definition
His theory contends that as humans meet 'basic needs', they seek to satisfy successively 'higher needs' that occupy a set hierarchy. Physiological needs> Safety needs> Belonging and Love needs > Esteem needs > Need for self-actualization
Term
need for achievement
Definition
the need to accomplish something difficult and to perform at a high standard of excellence
Term
goal orientation theory
Definition
the view that achievement motivation depends of which of four goal orientations (mastery-approach, master-avoidance, performance-approach, performance-avoidance) an indivdual adopts
Term
mastery-approach
Definition
orientiation will study and engage in others behaviors so as to increase their knowledge and overcome challenges
Term
mastery-avoidance
Definition
orientation will exhibit whatever behaviors are nescessary to avoid failing to learn
Term
performance-avoidance
Definition
orientation will measure their performance against that of other students and are motivated to work to the point where they are at least equal to their peers
Term
performance-approach
Definition
orientation try to surpass the performance of their peers in an attempt to enhance their own sense of self-worth
Term
emotion
Definition
an identifiable feeling state involving physiological arousal, a cognitive appraisal of the situation or stimlus causing that internal body state, and an outward behavior expressing the state
Term
schachter singer theory of emotion
Definition
a two-factor theory stating that for an emotion to occur, there must be (1) physiological arousal and (2) a cognitive interpretation or explanation of the arousal, allowing it to be labeled as a specific emotion
Term
basic emotions
Definition
emotions that are unlearned and universal, that are reflected in the same facial expressions across cultures, and that emerge in children according to their biological timetable of development; fear, anger, disgust, surprise, happiness, and sadness are usually considered basic emotions
Term
display rules
Definition
cultural rules that dictate how emotions should generally be expressed and when and where their expression is apporiate
Term
facial-feedback hypothesis
Definition
the idea that the muscular movements involved in certain facial expressions produce the corresponding emotions (e. smiling makes me happy)
Term
emotional intelligence
Definition
the ability to apply knowledge about emotions to everyday life
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