Term
Empathy Biases:
Here and Now Bias |
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Definition
| It is much easier to feel empathy for someone you are interacting with face to face in the here and now. harder to feel empathy for someone who went through something 50 years ago or halfway across the world. |
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Term
EMpathy Biases:
Familiarity Bias |
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Definition
| Easier to feel empathy towards those who are similar to you |
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Term
| what effects does empathy have? |
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Definition
motivates ppl to help others
enhances trust and respect across strata of society
enhances patient satisfaction
enhances diagnoses and allows for more effective treatment
patient is really open b/c there is more trust |
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Term
| Potential negative effects of empathy |
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Definition
empathetic over-arousal
burnout
empathetic distress become personal distress
caring vs justice dilemmas |
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Term
| How can empathy be taught? |
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Definition
Experiential learning
empathy belly
COPD simulator: simulates shortness of breat involved in lung cancer, asthma, etc |
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Term
| what happens when ppl adhere to their prescribed drug therapies |
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Definition
meta-analysis:
good adherence to appropriate drug therapy was assoc. w/ lower mortality
good adherence to placebo was assoc. w/ lower mortality
good adherence to harmful drug therapy is assoc. w/ higher mortality
illustrates healthy adherer affect |
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Term
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Definition
| Good adherence is a surrogate marker for overall healthy behavior |
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Term
| ways of non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy for HIV |
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Definition
chronic under-dosing
chronic over-dosing
abrupt over-dosing
drug holidays
random administration |
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Term
| factors related to non adherence |
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Definition
patient factors:
NOT demographics
depression
questions about treatment efficacy
stigma and social rejection
treatment factors:
treatment complexity
side-effects
Provider Factors |
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Term
| administration of analgesia (painkillers) in emergency room study |
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Definition
describe
55% of Latinos and 26% of white received no painkillers for fractured bones. this shows discrimination in quality of health care |
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which ppl use social categories (race, sex) in acquiring, processing, and recalling information on others |
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Term
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Definition
can exert powerful effects on thinking and actions, at an implicit unconscious level, even among well-meaning, well-educated ppl
can influence how info is processed and recalled
can exert self-fulfilling effects, as patients respond to clinicians' overt or subtle attitudes and behaviors |
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Term
| when does stereotyping usually occur |
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Definition
when ppl have time constraints
when resources are limited
when much cognitive ability is necessary, but there is an absence of full information |
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Term
level of factors that can impinge on care
organizational level: |
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Definition
there arent many minorities in the higher positions of health care facilities so people of color havent been able to mold many of the programs and policies to meet their needs
like hours of operation, language access, and beuricratic intake procedures |
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Term
level of factors that can impinge on care
health care workforce |
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Definition
patients are more satisfied when they work woth physicians who are of the same race as them.
as a result more minority physicians work with more people who are on medicaid |
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Term
interventions for clinical barriers:
categorical multicultural approaches |
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Definition
| learning about normative cultural values and folk illnesses of specific groups |
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Term
| normative cultural values: latinos |
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Definition
Sympatia: expectation of kindness;(doctor = polite, pleasant
personalismo: formal friendliness
respeto
familismo
fatalismo |
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Term
latino folk illnesses:
empacho |
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Definition
food gets stuck to wall of stomach or intestines
treatment: seein a folk healer, erbal teas, dietary restrictions, prayer |
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Term
latino folk illnesses:
mal ojo |
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Definition
person with strong eyes stares at child because he covets it
symptoms: fever, aches and pains, crying |
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Term
| problems with multicultural approach |
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Definition
huge array of cultures
much in-group variation
may facilitate the use of stereotypes
hard to leran a set of facts that can apply to any one person |
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Term
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Definition
focuses on awareness, communication and empathy
cultural humility |
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