Term
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Definition
| scientific study of behaviour and mental processes |
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Term
| What is Psychology meant by the definition terms? |
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Definition
| By scientific, it involves collecting and evaluating information using systematic observations and measurements. Behavior involves anything we do that can be directly observed and recorded, like sleeping, text messaging, etc. Mental involves our private, internal experiences – thoughts, perceptions, feelings that cannot be observed directly. |
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Term
| Four Basic Goals of Psychology: What questions do they answer? |
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Definition
Description – What is their nature?
Explanation – Why do they occur?
Prediction – When do they occur?
Change – How can we change them? |
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Term
| Six Steps of Scientific Method |
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Definition
| 1. Question and Literature review
2. Testable Hypothesis
3. Research Design
4. Data Collection and Analysis
5. Publication
6. Theory Development |
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Term
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Definition
| specific, testable prediction about how one factor or variable, is related to another |
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Term
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Definition
| The participant’s agreement to take part in a study after being told what to expect |
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Term
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Definition
| when the research is completed, participants are informed of the study’s design and purpose and answer questions |
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Term
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Definition
| used in research to reveal natural responses to the experiment by not telling participants the true purpose |
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Term
| Purpose, Advantages, Disadvantages of Experimental Method |
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Definition
| Purpose: Identify cause and effect, meeting goal of explanation
Advantages: Allows researches precise control over variables, helps identify cause and effect
Disadvantages: Ethical concerns, practical limitations, artificiality of lab conditions, uncontrolled variables |
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Term
| Purpose, Advantages, Disadvantages of Description Method |
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Definition
| Purpose: Observe, collect, and record data
Advantages: Little artificiality, easier data collection, allows description of behavior and mental processes as they occur
Disadvantages: Little or no control over variables, researcher and participant biases, cannot identify cause and effect |
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Term
| Purpose, Advantages, Disadvantages of Correlational Method |
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Definition
| Purpose: Identify relationships and assess how well one variable predicts another
Advantages: Helps clarify tensions between variables, which cannot be examined by other methods, and allows prediction
Disadvantages: No control over variables, cannot identify cause and effect |
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Term
| Experimental research has the unique advantage that it is the only type of research to identify c________ and e________. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when research influences research results in the expected direction |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when experimental conditions influence the participant's behavior or mental processes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inactive substance or fake treatment used as a control technique, usually in drug research or given by medical practitioner to patient. |
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Term
| How do they address problems of experimenter bias? |
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Definition
| Blind observers, single- and double-blind studies, placebos |
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Term
| How do they address problems of participant bias? |
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Definition
| Anonymity, confidentiality, deception, sing- and double- blind studies, placebos |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when research participants are not representative of the larger population |
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Term
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Definition
| group of research participants |
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Term
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Definition
| larger group represented by a sample |
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Term
| Random/Representative Sampling |
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Definition
| Sampling that likely produces a representative, unbiased sample by choosing participants who constitute a representative sample of the entire population |
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Term
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Definition
| Using chance methods to assign participants to experimental or control conditions, minimizing bias or preexisting differences in the groups |
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Term
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Definition
| Observation and recording behavior and mental processes in the participant's natural state of habitat |
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Term
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Definition
| Research technique that questions a large sample of people to assess their behaviors and attitudes |
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Term
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Definition
| In-depth study of a single research participant |
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Term
| Does correlation imply causation? |
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Definition
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Term
| Does correlation allow prediction? |
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Definition
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