Term
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Definition
| SENSORY information goes to cortex. Taking of that information and making sense of it. This function is LEARNED not innate. |
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Definition
| The perceived SIZE of an object remains the same while the size in the retinal image can change. |
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Definition
| The perceived SHAPE is unchanged and is not affected by the changes in the retinal image. |
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Definition
| Brightness of objects appears to stay the same even as lightning conditions change, only if the object seen are illuminated by the same amount of light. |
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Definition
| The simplest organization of sensations into a object, or figure that stands out on a plainer background. |
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Term
| Gestalt principle of nearness |
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Definition
| Stimuli near each other tend to be seen as a group. |
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Term
| Gestalt principle of similarity |
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Definition
| Stimuli that are similar in size, shape, color, or form tend to be grouped together; i.e. similar in appearance= same group. |
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Term
| Gestalt principle of continuation/continuity |
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Definition
| The phenomena that perceptions tends to be seen in the most SIMPLE way. |
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| Gestalt principle of closure |
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Definition
| Tendency to COMPLETE a figure to make it a consistent overall form. |
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Term
| Gestalt principle of contiguity |
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Definition
| Tendency to associate events closely linked in time and space to be related, when they can actually have nothing to do with each other in reality. |
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Term
| Gestalt principle of common region |
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Definition
| Stimuli found in common region/AREA tend to be seen as a group. An explanation to why we tend to mentally group together people from a particular geographic region as one group. |
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Term
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Definition
| PATTERNS allowing more than one interpretation. |
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Term
| Figure-ground organization |
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Definition
| First and most basic perceptual organization ability to appear after someone regains site. |
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Definition
| Ability to see 3-d space and to accurately judge DISTANCES. |
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Term
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Definition
| Perceptual features that gives us information on distance. Includes muscular, pictorial, and stereoscopic cues. |
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Term
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Definition
| Accommodation- LENS BENDS to focus on near objects, useful until about four feet. Convergence- to focus on near objects by CROSSING EYES for things in focus 50ft or less. Binocular cue (1of2). |
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Term
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Definition
| Retinal disparity- perception of space and depth, a product of the two eyes seeing two different images. Binocular cue (2of2). |
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Term
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Definition
| Features in pictures that give us information on space, depth, and distance. |
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Term
| Pictorial depth cue: Linear perspective |
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Definition
| Convergence of parallel lines. Parallel lines such as railroad tracks appear two convergence in the distance, but remain the same distance apart in reality. Convergence IMPLIES distance. |
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Term
| Pictorial depth cue: Relative size |
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Definition
| Objects look smaller as they get more and more distant. As a houses down a street appear to get smaller and smaller, they are all approximately the same size. |
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Term
| Pictorial depth cue: Height in picture plane |
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Definition
| Objects placed higher in an image are perceived to be at a greater distance. |
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Term
| Pictorial depth cue: Light and shadow |
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Definition
| To give a image patterns of brightness and shading areas it is seen to have a 3-d effect. |
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Term
| Pictorial depth cue: Overlap |
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Definition
| When one object partially blocks another object to show that one is in front of the other and removes doubt to which object in nearer. |
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Term
| Pictorial depth cue: Texture gradients |
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Definition
| The phenomena that closer object have more detail than those farther away giving us more information about distance. |
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Term
| Pictorial depth cue: Aerial perspective |
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Definition
| The fact that smog, fog, dust and haze add to the appearance of distance of an object. When the sky is clearer, usually after rain, objects in the distance appear to be closer. |
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Term
| Pictorial depth cue: Relative motion |
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Definition
| A.k.a motion parallax- objects in the distance don't appear to move as fast as those closer up as you are moving past them (e.g. running across a corn field the stock appear to move rapidly while the farm in the distance appears to stay still). |
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Term
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Definition
| Perceiving the moon to be larger when it is LOW in the sky nearer to the horizon, but as it moves higher in the sky it appear to be smaller and farther away. This is because few depth cues surround the moon in the blank sky in comparison to the many cues used when the moon is on the horizon. |
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Term
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Definition
| A lopsided space that appears square when viewed from a certain point. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any change in perception that is based on past experience,ALTERS how we process sensory information. |
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Term
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Definition
| INGRAINED, learned from experience- patterns of perceptual organization and attention/focus. |
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Term
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Definition
| Two equal-length lines tipped with inward or outward pointing V's appearing to be of different lengths. This is because one is perceived to be an inside corner-farther away= smaller, and outside corner-closer= longer. |
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Term
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Definition
| Initial GUESS as to how the stimulus patterns are organized in cortex. |
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Term
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Definition
| Making machines and work environments compatible and better designed for human use specifically with human perceptual and physical capacities. |
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Term
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Definition
| ELEMENTS of a stimulus pattern such as lines, shapes, edges, spots, and colors. |
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Term
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Definition
| Information SURROUNDING the stimulus (e.g. 6' person will appear to "tall" be around people of average height and "short" around basketball players. |
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Term
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Definition
| DECREASE in in perceptual response to a repeated stimulus. Responding less to a predictable and unchanging stimuli. |
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Term
| Perceptual expectancy/set |
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Definition
| Preparation to perceive stimulus in a certain way. A perceptual hypothesis- a guess as to how it will be perceived- that we a very likely to apply to a stimulus. |
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