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PSYC435-Q4-Ch13
Sexual Variants, Abuse, & Dysfunctions
23
Psychology
Undergraduate 4
07/20/2011

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Cards

Term

Paraphilias

Definition

The DSM-IV-TR criteria for this group of disorders is a persistent patter, lasting at least 6 months, that causes sig distress and impairment, in which unusual objects, rituals, or situations are required for full sexual satisfaction

Term
• homosexuality is _____ considered a sexual deviation in DSM-IV.  what year removed from DSM?
Definition
 • _____ was removed from DSM in 1973
Term

Paraphilias

Definition

• individuals seek sexual arousal from:

- non-human subjects

- hurting others or being hurt

- interacting with non-consenting partners

Term

Chapter 13 - Obj 1

sociocultural influences on sexual practices

(Butcher, p. 451)

Definition
  1. Degeneracy and Abstinence Theory
  2. homosexuality as sickness
  3. homosexuality as nonpathological variation
  4. homosexuality as a normal sexual variant
Term

clinical features of this Paraphilia:

Transvestic fetishism

(p. 456)

Definition

• at least 6 months

• > cross dressing

Term

clinical features of this Paraphilia:

sexual sadism

(p. 457)

Definition

• at least 6 months

• real acts > psychological or physical suffering of the victim is sexually exciting to persons

Term

clinical features of this Paraphilia:

Sexual Masochism

(p. 457)

Definition

• at least 6 months

• real act of being humiliated, beaten, bound, or made to suffer

Term

Causal Factors: Paraphilias

(p. 462)

Definition
  1. all ppl with paraphilias are male >females are RARE
  2. begins around time of puberty or early adolescents
  3. often more than one paraphilia

• vulnerability r/t visual sexual imagery (men = physical stim features; women = emotional)

Term

Treatment of

Gender Identity Disorder

[DSM, p. 464]

Definition

• PSYCHOTHERAPY:

- treat child's unhappiness with his or her biological sex

- ease strained relationship with parents and peers

• PSYCHODYNAMICALLY: treat gender dysphoria by examining inner conflicts

Term

Treatment of transexualism

(butcher, p. 466)

Definition

• only surgical sex reassignment is effective

- [NOT psychotherapy]

Term

Controversies concerning

childhood sexual abuse

Definition
  1. degree to which children's accusations can be trusts: doubtful
  2. validity of these "recovered memories": mixed (believers and non-believers) > "even normal, unrepressed memories can be highly inaccurate and that false memories can be induced experimentally"
Term

# Incest often produces children with mental and physical problems because ... share the same ____ ____ (which often have negative biological effects)

Definition

# _____ often produces children with mental and physical problems because ... share the same recessive genes (which often have negative biological effects)

Term

Rape

Definition
  • Sexual desire is a factor, but not the only motive to _____
  • Four subtypes of rapists
    • motivated by undiffereniated anger and gratuitous aggression (rather than sexual motiv'n)
    • motivated by displaying hostility and power
    • motivated by displaying hostility and power (more senstive apologetic)
    • motivated by sexually sadistic fantasies
Term

Treatment of Rape

Definition

• PSYCHOTHERAPIES

  • Fout goals
    • modify pattern of sicual arousal
    • modify cognitions and social skills 
    • change habits or behvior
    • reduce sexual drive
  • Aversion therapy > somewhat effective in lab
  • Cognitive restructuring > to eliminate cognitive distortions
  • Social Skills Training > to help offenders learn to process social information from women more effectively 
  • recent meta-analysis > treated offenders were LESS likely to reoffend

• Biological and Surgical Tx

  • Antidepressants (SSRI)
    • for paraphilias behaviour > reduce desire and behavior
  • castration
  • chemical castration
Term

Four phases of human

sexual respons

Definition
  1. desire phase: fantasies, desire
  2. excitement phase: sexual pleasure and physiological changes
  3. orgasm
  4. resolution
Term

What are the differences between

Intrafamilial and extrafamilial child molesters

Definition
  • Intrafamilial:
    •  have pedophiliac arousal patters
    • motivated by sexual arousal
    • offend with one or a few (female) children in family
  • Extrafamilial
    • male = female victims
Term

• The degeneracy theory (1750's)

 
Definition

• The _____ theory (1750's) had central belief that semen was necessary for masculine characteristics and physical and sexual vigor in men, thus masterbation and patronizing prostitutes were considered harmful

Term
During what decade did the AMA declare that masturbation was a normal part of adolescent behavior, and the Boy Scouts do away with their antimasterbation warnings?
Definition
1970's
Term
Although short-term consequences of childhood sexual abuse include fears, PTSD, sexual inappropriateness, and poor self esteem, approximately _____ of sexually abused children show NO symptoms
Definition
one-third
Term
_____ in women is more likely to have an obvious organic basis
Definition
• Dyspareunia 
Term
_____ is the most common sexual offence reported to the police
Definition

# Exhibitionism is the most common sexual offence reported to the police

Term
Discuss the types of treatment that are used with sex offenders (psychological, biological, surgical, the goals and effectiveness
Definition
  • GOALS
    • modify patterns of sexual arrousal
    • modify cognitions and social skills
    • change habits of behaviors that increase the chance of reoffending
    • reduce sexual drive
  • THERAPIES
    • Aversion Therapy - incl. covert sensitization (skeptial efficacy)
    • Cognitive Restructuring - eliminate cog distorions > by social-skills trainin
    • Surgical and Chemilcal Castration
Term
What were the conclusions of Bruce Rind's research on the association between early sexual experiences and mental health in young adulthood?
Definition

• Correlations between childhood sexual abuse and alter problems were of surprisingly SMALL magnitude > not harmful

• After controlling for family problems > virtually ZERO (fam problems BIG PROB)

• incest and forced sex both associated with more problems than sex between nominally consenting nonrelated individuals

• Age at which CSA was experienced was unrelated to adult outcome

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