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PSYC401: Exam 2
Internal Body States (Chapter 10)
22
Physiology
Undergraduate 4
11/02/2015

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Term
Another word for "cold-blooded"
These animals have body temperatures which match that of their external environments
-Fish, reptiles, amphibians
Definition
Poikilothermic
Term
-Opposite of poilkilothermic
-warm blooded (core body temp of 37 degrees keeps proteins from breaking down)
-mammals and birds
Definition
Homeothermic
Term
Preoptic Area
Definition
-Next to anterior hypothalamus
-regulates temperature by 1) monitoring its own temperature and 2) recieving input from skin and spinal cord.
Term
Leukocytes
Definition
-Cytokines are released which 1) attack intruders and 2) provide info to brain via vagus nerve---> low grade fever keeps disease at bay.
Term
Behavioral Mechanisms
Definition
-Temperature regulated via shivering/sweating
-Other ways include migration
-Cold blooded animals select their environments so that they are well suited.
Term
What organ plays an important role in regulating water intake?
Definition
KIDNEYS
ADH/antidiuretic hormone/vassopresin
Term
Posterior pituitary gland
Definition
Secretes vassopresin
Term
Describe the drinking pathway
Definition
OVLT-->supraoptic nucleus --> PVN (paraventricular nucleus) --> later preoptic nucleus
Term
Hypovolemia
Definition
low blood volume
nutrients cannot be delivered
Term
baroreceptors
Definition
large veins that
1) monitor pressure of blood returning to heart
2) release RENIN in the kidney to detect low blood volume.
Term
Renin
Definition
causes proteins in blood to form Angiotensin I --> angiotensin II
Term
Angiotesin
Definition
-(a vasoconstrictor which increases blood pressure)
-stimulates SFO (subfornical organ) to initiate drinking
Term
Majority of food digestion occurs here.
Definition
Small intestine.
Term
What source is the body's main fuel?
Definition
Glucose
Term
Sham feeding studies
Definition
Examines the nature of the digestive system by tricking the body into thinking that it has recieved food. Commonly used to investigate binge-eating disorder.
Term
What two nerves convey satiety to the brain?
Definition
Vagus and splanchnic nerves
Term
Food passes from the stomach to this structure called ...?
Definition
the duodenum.
Term
What is the pathway for eating food?
Definition
Swallow food --> stomach ---> duodenum --> hormone CCK (cholecystokinin) releases --> sphincter b/w dudenum and stomach closes.
Term
Role of insulin
Definition
allows food to enter cells where it can be either stored or used as fuel.
Term
Glucagon
Definition
Converts stored fuel like glycogen to glucose
Opposite of insulin
Term
LH (Lateral Hypothalamus) damage effects what?
Definition
results in reduced hunger and thirst
Term
What are the stages of recovery for LH damage?
Definition
1) Aphasia and adipsia
2) Anorexia
3) Adipsia
4)Near recovery, but still reduced body weight set point.
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