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The unique and relatively enduring set of behaviors, feelings, thoughts, and motives that characterize an individual
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| The Statistical property of most personality traits is that they are? |
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| The point at which a person moves from not having a particular response to having one |
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| A disposition to behave consistently in a particular way. |
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| The evolution of personality traits demonstrates how are bodies, brain, and behavior can be shaped by environmental forces over long periods of time. |
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Quanitiative trait loci (QTL) approach
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| A technique in behavioral genetics that looks for the location on genes that might be associated with particular behaviors. |
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| Nature and Nurture of personality: heriablity of five tratis. |
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| twin studies indicate that heredity (genetics) account for 50% to 60% of most traits, slightly less for agreeableness and openness. What's surprising is that the influence of the shared environment (home and family) on these traits is small, compared with the influence of the non-shared environment. (Source: Plomin & Caspi), 1999.) |
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| Fetal acrivity and heart rate can reveal something about temperament differences over the first year of life. |
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| The genetic marker for thrill seeking involves genetic differences in which neurotransmittter? |
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| Researchers obtain estimates of how heritable personality traits are by |
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| People in Asian culteures exhibit qualities that suggest a personality dimension of __________that is rarely seen in Western Cultures. |
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| Interpersonal relatedness |
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| Freud's term for the sense of self; the part of the mind that operates on the "reality principle." |
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| The level of consciousness containing all drives, urges, and instincts that are outside awareness but nonetheless motiviated most behavior. |
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| Freud's term for the seat of impulse and desire; the pleasure-seeking part of our personality. |
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| Freud's term for the part of the mind that monitors behavior and evaluates it in terms of right and wrong; the conscience. |
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| The relative influences of ID, EGO, and Superego in three types ofpeople |
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| Freud argued that the relative sizes and strengths of the id, ego, and superego (as symbolized by the size of the circles (p. 503: 13.2) contributed to whether a person is overly impulsive, neurotically repressed and overcontrolled, or psychologically balanced and healthy. (Source: Feist & Feist, 2009.) |
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Cognitive psychologist refer to mental processes that occur outside awareness as "implicit' or "automatic."
Much of what we learn and remember is implicit. |
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| Unconscious strategies the mind uses to protect inself from anxiety by denying and distorting reality in some way. |
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| A defense mechanism that turns an unpleasant idea, feeling, or impulse into its opposite. |
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| A defense mechanism in which a socially unacceptable impulse is expressed in a socially accepable way. |
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| Defense mechanism for keeping unpleasant throughts, feelings, or impulses out of consciousness. |
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| A defese mechanism in which people deny particular ideas, feelings, or impulses and project them onto other. |
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| 13.3 Freud's theory of psychosexual development |
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| Freud's theory focuses on distinct regions of the body being the main source of pleasure. |
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Oral (0-18 months)
Anal (18 - 36 months)
Phallic (3 - 6 years)
Latency (6 - puberty)
Genital (Puberty and up)
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The mouth and sucking, biting, chewing.
The anus and bowel and bladder elimination
The genital (self-focused) and attraction for opposite-sex parent.
Not applicable; sexual feeling remain latent and dormant.
The genitals (self-and other-focused) and mature sexual behavior (giving and receiving pleasure.) |
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| Psychosexual Stage Theory |
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| Freud's stages of personality development; in different stages a different region of the body is most erogenous. |
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Connection p.506
Clinical psychologists refer to anal fixations as
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| Obsessive-compulsive disorder. |
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| According to Adler, the major drive behind all behavior, where by humans naturally strive to overcome their physical and psychological deficiencies. |
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| A defense mechanism whereby a person continues to be concerned and even preoccupied with earlier stages of development. |
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| Alder observed that people's personalities are shaped by their birth order. |
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| An unhealthy need to dominate or upstage others as a way of compensating for feeling of deficiency. |
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According to Jung, the shared experiences of our ancestors that have been passed down from generation to generation.
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| According to Jung, all our repressed and hidden thoughts, feelings, and movtives |
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| Darth Vader, the villian from the movei Star Wars, epitomizes Jung's shadow archetype of the dark, morally repugnant side of human nature. |
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| Ancient or archaic images that result from common ancestral experiences. |
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| According to Jung, the female part of the male personality |
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| According to Jung, the male part of the female personality |
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| Interaction among hostility, anxiety, and defenses in Horney's Theory |
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| Hosititiy and anxiety mutally influence one onother, and person then defends him of herself by developing either normal or neurotic defenses. Horney maintained htat we all may develop defenses, but in neurotic individual, these needs become compulsive. |
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