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PSYC test 3
motivation, stress, sex
43
Psychology
Undergraduate 2
11/11/2008

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Term
drive theory
Definition
motivated by drives; internal state of tension that pushes organism to do things to reduce tnesion
Term
incentive theory
Definition
motivated by incentives; external goal that has capacity to motivate behavior; motivated by external rewards
Term
masters and johnson (1960s)
Definition
first large, systematic study of sexual response
Term
excitement response
Definition
sexual arousal begins, escalates rapidly; heart rate, breathing, BP increase; increased skin sensitivity, muscle tension; vasocongestion to genitals begins
Term
plateau phase
Definition
sexual arousal very high, continues to build at slower pace; sex flush for some; men-head of penis darkens, pre-ejaculate may gather; women-orgasmic platform, clitoris retracts under clitoral hood
Term
orgasm
Definition
sexual arousal/tension reaches peak; series of muscular contractions, mainly in pelvic area
Term
resolution phase
Definition
body returns to unaroused state; takes longer if orgasm does not occur
Term
self-report personality inventory
Definition
asks people to answer series of questions a/b their characteristic behavior
Term
projective tests
Definition
asks people to repsond to vague, ambiguous stimuli in ways that are supposed to reveal their inner needs, feelings, and traits
Term
consists of everything a person is aware of at a particular time
Definition
conscious mind
Term
preconscious mind
Definition
contains material right below surface of conscious mind that could be easily retrieved
Term
unconscious mind
Definition
contains thoughts, memories, desires that are below surface of awareness and that we don't have easy access to
Term
id
Definition
primitive, instinctive part of personality; basic, biological urges
Term
ego
Definition
the realistic, decision making part of personality; negotiator
Term
superego
Definition
moral component of personality that incorporates society's standards a/b right and wrong
Term
rationalization
Definition
creating false but socially acceptable reasons for our inappropriate behavior
Term
projection
Definition
attributing our undesirable feelings/motives/wants to others
Term
reaction formation
Definition
acting in a manner opposite our true feelings
Term
displacement
Definition
expresing feelings toward someone besides the target person, b/c they are perceived as less threatening
Term
regression
Definition
displaying immature behaviors that have relieved negative feelings in the past
Term
oral stage (birth to 1)
Definition
erotic stimulation focused on mouth; feeding and weaning
Term
anal stage (2-3 years)
Definition
erotic stimulation is centered on anus and functions of elimination
Term
phallic stage (4-5 years)
Definition
erotic stimulation centered on genitals
Term
Oedipus complex
Definition
sexual desire for mother; anger at father; identify with father to cope
Term
electra complex
Definition
penis envy; turns against mom, sexual desire for father; identify with mother to cope
Term
latency stage (6-12 or puberty)
Definition
sexual thoughts repressed/dormant, engages in nonsexual activities; develops relationships outside of family
Term
genital stage
Definition
renewed sexual desires; focus on genitals again; sexual desires focused outward toward other people
Term
general adaptation syndrome
Definition
describes body's reaction to stress as consisting of 3 stages; alarm, resistance, exhaustion
Term
alarm stage
Definition
first reaction to stress; prepare to cope w/ immediate stressor; fight-or-flight response
Term
stage of resistance
Definition
reaction to continued stress; body attempts to adjust; physiological responses level off at high level
Term
stage of exhaustion
Definition
reaction to long-term, continued stress; depletion of body's resources; weakening of immune system
Term
emotion
Definition
a complex reaction involving a subjective experience (cognitive part), bodily arousal (physical part), and overt expression (behavioral part)
Term
James-Lange theory
Definition
autonomic arousal leads to conscious feeling of emotion; brain interprets patters of physiological change as emotion

-example: see angry dog, tremble and run away; b/c we're trembling and run away, feel scared
Term
Cannon-Bard theory
Definition
stimuli simultaneously trigger conscious feeling and autonomic arousal; see stimuli, message sent to thalamus, thalamus sends message to autonomic nervous system and cortex at the same time

-ex. see angry dog, thalamus activated, feel scared and run away at the same time
Term
schachter's two factor theory
Definition
use situational cues to determine which emotion we're experiencing; emotion consists of two parts-physical arousal, cognitive interpretation or label of arousal, experience physical arousal first, the look for cues in the environment to explain why

-ex. see angry dog, tremble, look at situation (dog is about to attack), label arousal as fear
Term
display rules
Definition
norms that regulate the appropriate expression of emotion
Term
facial feedback theory
Definition
sensations from movement of facial muscles are interpreted by brain as different emotions
Term
personality
Definition
individual's unique collection of consistent behavioral traits
Term
unique
Definition
use concept of personality to explain differences b/n people
Term
consistent
Definition
use concept of personality to describe people's similarities from one situation to the next
Term
trait theories
Definition
analyze personality by measuring, identifying, and classifying personality characteristics or traits
Term
personality trait
Definition
relatively stable and anduring tendency to behave in a particular way in a variety of situations
Term
the big 5 (OCEAN)
Definition
openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism
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