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| Personal characteristics that have been judged or evaluated |
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| A person's unique and relatively stable behavior patterns |
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| Stable qualities that a person shows in most situations |
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| People who have several traits in common |
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| Shy, self-centered person whose attention is focused inward |
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| Bold, outgoing person whose attention is directed outward |
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| Your ideas, perceptions, and feelings about who you are |
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| based on accurate self appraisal of strengths and weaknesses |
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| Confident, proud, self-respecting |
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| Insecure, lacking in confidence, self-critical |
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| System of concepts, assumptions, ideas, and principles proposed to explain personality |
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| Four perspectives of personality theory |
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| Trait theories, psychodynamic theories, behavioristic and social learning theories, humanistic theories |
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| Stable dispositions that a person shows in most situations |
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| a hereditary readiness of humans to behave in particular ways |
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| attempts to analyze, classify, and interrelate traits |
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| "Big Five" Personality Factors |
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| Extroversion, agreeableness, conscientious, neuroticism, oppenness to experience |
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| study personality to learn what drives, conflicts, and energies motivate us; believe that action's based on unconscious thoughts, needs, and emotions |
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| Made up of innate biological instincts and urges |
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| Wishes to have its desires satisfied now; self-serving, irrational, and totally unconscious |
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| comes from life instincts (Eros); underlies efforts to survive, sexual desires, pleasure seeking |
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| comes from death instincts; produces aggressive and destructive urges |
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| Executive; directs energies supplied by Id; partially conscious and partially unconscious |
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| Delays action until it is practical and/or appropriate; system of thinking, planning, problem solving, and deciding |
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| Judge of censor for thoughts anf actions of the ego; acts as "internalized parent" |
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| Reflects actions for which a person has been punished; source of guilt |
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| Reflects behavior one's parents approved of or rewarded; source of pride |
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| Oral Dependent Personality |
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| Gullible, passive, need lots of attention |
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| Oral-Aggressive Personality |
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| Adults who like to argue and exploit others |
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| nail biting, gum chewing, smoking, kissing, overeating, alcoholism |
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| Attention turns to process of elimination; child can gain approval or express aggression by "letting go" or "holding on" |
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| Anal Retentive Personality |
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| Harsh toilet training; stubborn, stingy, orderly, compulsively clean |
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| Anal Expulsive Personality |
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| Lenient toilet training; disorderly, messy, destructive, or cruel |
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| Adult Traits in Phallic Stage |
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| vanity, exhibitionism, sensitive pride, narcissism; child now notices and is physically attracted to opposite sex parent |
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| Boy feels rivalry with his father for his mother's affection; may feel threatened by father |
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| Girl loves her father and competes with her mother ; identifies with her mother slowly |
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| psychosexual development is dormant; same friendships and play occur here |
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| Sexual urges re-awaken; realization of full adult sexuality occurs her; ends with mature capacity for love |
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| Behavioral Personality Theory |
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| Model of personality that emphasizes learning and observable behavior |
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| Believe that learning shapes our behavior and explains personality |
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| Emphasize Situational Determinants |
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| External conditions that influence behaviors |
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| Child's emotional connection to admired adults |
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| Desire to act like an admired person with whom one identifies |
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| Encouraged to: engage in instrumental (goal-directed) behaviors, to be directly aggressive, hide emotions, prepare for work world |
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| Encouraged to engage in expressive (emotion-oriented) behaviors; socialized for indirect aggression; prepared for motherhood |
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| Having both masculine and feminine traits in a single person |
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| Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) |
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| Consists of 60 personal traits, 20 each of "Masculine", "feminine", and "neutral" |
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| Primarily independent and assertive, related in high self-esteem |
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| Nurturing and interpersonally oriented; seek and receive social support |
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| Humanistic Theories of Personality |
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| Approach that focuses on human experience, problems, potentials, and ideal |
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| Humanistic Theories of Personality |
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| emphasis on view that human nature is inherently good |
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| Ability to choose that is NOT controlled by genetics, learning, or unconscious forces |
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| Hereditary aspects of personality; biological predispositions to be sensitive, irritable, and distractible |
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| Study of inherited behavioral traits and tendencies |
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| Has been studying identical twins growing up in different homes; twins show many similarities, even when reared apart |
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| starts to stabilize around age 3, continued to "harden" until age 50 |
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| May contribute 25% to 50% of variation in personality traits |
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| Trait-Situation Interactions |
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| When external circumstances influence the expression of personality traits |
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