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PSYC Motivation & Emotion
Chapter 9 Motivation and Emotion
45
Psychology
Undergraduate 2
05/01/2013

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Term
Motivation
Definition
Dynamics of behavior that initiate, sustain, direct, and terminate actions
Term
Need
Definition
internal deficiency; causes
Term
Drive
Definition
Energized motivational state
Term
Respone
Definition
Action or series of actions
Term
Goal
Definition
Target of motivated behavior
Term
Incentive Value
Definition
"Pull" of a goal ; goal's appeal beyond its ability to fill a need
Term
Primary Motive
Definition
Innate motives based on biological needs we must meet to survive
Term
Stimulus Motive
Definition
Innate needs for stimulation and information
Term
Secondary Motive
Definition
Based on learned needs, drives, and goals
Term
Biological Motives
Definition
Maintain homeostasis (body equilibrium; balance)
Term
Anorexia Nervosa
Definition
Active self-starvation or sustained loss of appetite that seems to have psychological origins
Term
Bulimia Nervosa
Definition
aka "Binge-Purge Syndrome" ; excessive eating usually followed by self induced vomiting and/or taking laxatives
Term
Sex Drive
Definition
Motivation to engage in sexual behavior
Term
Estrogen
Definition
Female sex hormone
Term
Androgen
Definition
Male sex hormone
Term
Arousal
Definition
Activation of body and nervous system; ranges from high to low
Term
Yerkes-Dodson Law
Definition
If a task is simple, arousal should be high; If a task is complex, arousal should be low
Term
Test Anxiety
Definition
Heightened physiological arousal and excessive worry
Term
Social Motives
Definition
Acquired by growing up in a particular society or culture; learned by socialization
Term
nAch
Definition
Desire to excel, or to meet some internal standard of excellence
Term
Need for Power
Definition
Desire to have impact or control over others
Term
Intrinsic Motivation
Definition
motivation coming from within, not from external rewards
Term
Extrinsic Motivation
Definition
Based on obvious external rewards, obligations, or similar factors
Term
Emotions
Definition
characterized by physiological arousal and changes in facial expressions, gestures, posture, and subjective feelings
Term
Physiological Changes
Definition
changes in heart rate, blood pressure, perspiration, and other involuntary bodily responses; regulated by sympathetic nervous system
Term
Emotional Expression
Definition
outward signs of what a person is feeling
Term
Emotional Feelings
Definition
Private emotional experience
Term
Positive Emotions
Definition
emotions processed by left hemisphere
Term
Negative Emotions
Definition
emotions processed by right hemisphere
Term
Amygdala
Definition
specialized in producing fear
Term
Autonomic Nervous System
Definition
Neural system that connects the brain with internal organs and glands
Term
Sympathetic
Definition
"Fight or Flight"; activates body for emergency action
Term
Parasympathetic
Definition
Quiets body and conserves energy
Term
Polygraph
Definition
device that records changes in heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, and sweating
Term
Irrelevant Questions
Definition
Neutral, emotional questions in a polygraph test
Term
Relevant Questions
Definition
Questions to which only someone guilty should react by becoming anxious or emotional
Term
Control Questions
Definition
Questions that almost always provoke anxiety in a polygraph
Term
James-Lange Theory
Definition
Emotional feelings follow bodily arousal and come from awareness of such arousal
Term
Cannon-Bard Theory
Definition
The thalmus causes emotional feelings and bodily arousal to occur at the same time
Term
Schachter's Cognitive Theory
Definition
Emotions occur when a label is applied to general physical arousal through the process of attribution
Term
Attribution
Definition
mental process of assigning causes to events
Term
Emotional Appraisal
Definition
refers to evaluating the personal meaning of a stimulus (Richard Lazarus)
Term
Carol Izard
Definition
wrote the theory that emotions cause innately programmed changes in facial expressions; sensations from facial expressions help define what emotion a person feels
Term
Paul Ekman
Definition
Believes that making faces can cause emotion
Term
Appraisal
Definition
creates ANS arousal; initiates cognitive labeling; leads to adaptive behaviors; release innate emotional expressions; changes conscious awareness of one's own state
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