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| Uses behavioral principles to prevent illness and promote health |
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| Applies psychology to manage medical problems |
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| Diseases related to health-damaging personal habits (ex: heart disease, stroke, AIDS) |
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| Behaviors that increase the chances of disease, injury, or premature death |
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| By age 18 or 19 greatly affect health and life expectancy |
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| Disease-Prone Personality |
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| Personality type associated with poor health; person tends to be chronically depressed, anxious, hostile |
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| Health Promoting Behaviors |
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Definition
| Removing specific risk factors; icreasing behavior that promote health: exercise, reducing smoking and alcohol use, balanced diet, getting good medical care, reducing stress |
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| Mental and physical condition that occurs when a person must adjust or adapt to the environment |
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Definition
| Physical response to stress; Autonomic Nervous System is aroused |
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| General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) |
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Definition
| Hans Selye; Series of bodily reactions to prolonged stress; occurs in three stages |
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| Stage 1: Alarm Reaction (GAS) |
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Definition
| Bodily resources are mobilized to cope with added stress; adrenal glands produce more adrenaline, noradrenaline, and cortisol |
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| Stage 2: Stage of Resistance (GAS) |
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Definition
| Body adjusts to stress but at a high physical cost; resistance to other stressors is lowered |
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| Stage 3: Stage of Exhaustion (GAS) |
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Definition
| Body's resources are drained and stress hormones are depleted, possibly resulting in: psychosomatic disease, loss of health, complete collapse |
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Definition
| Mobilizes bodily defenses like white blood cells against invading microbes and other diseases; regulated in part by the brain |
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Definition
| Study of connections among behavior, stress, disease, and immune system |
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Definition
| Condition or event that challenges or threatens the person; unpredictability adds to stress |
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| When a person must meet urgent external demands or expectations; worse when we percieve having little to no control |
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| Deciding if a situation is relevant or irrelevant, posite or threatening |
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| Deciding how to cope with a treat or challenge; assessment of resources; influences our ability to cope |
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| Perceived lack of control is just as threatening as an actual lack of control; feeling of incompetence increase threat |
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Definition
| Trying to control one's emotional reactions to the stressful situation; useful in dealing with uncontrollable stressor |
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| Managing or remedying the distressing situation; useful in dealing with the controllable stressor |
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| May produce psychological injury or intense emotional pain ex: war, rape, natural disasters, etc.. ; increases feelings of vulnerablity, helplessness, loss of control |
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| Negative emotional state thst occurs when one is prevented from reaching desired goals |
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| Based on external conditions that impede progress toward a goal; social or nonsocial ex: delays,failures, rejection, loss |
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| Caused by personal characteristics that impede progress toward a goal |
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Definition
| Increases if the strength, urgency, or importance of a blocked motive increases; an obstacle is encountered very close to the goal |
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Definition
| More vigorous efforts anf varied responses to achieve a blocked goal |
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Definition
| Any response made with the intention of reducing frustration |
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Definition
| Redirecting aggression to a target other than the source of one's frustation |
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| Blaming a person or group for conditions they did not create ex: immigrants. minority groups |
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| a habitual target of displaced aggression |
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| Physically or psychologically leaving a source of frustration |
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Definition
| A stressful condition that occurs when a person must choose between contadictory needs, desires, motives, or demands |
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Term
| Approach-Approach Conflicts |
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Definition
| Choosing between two desirable, positive, alternatives; easiest to resolve; decision usually quickly made |
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Term
| Avoidance-Avoidance Conflicts |
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Definition
| Being forced to choose between two negative or undesirable alternatives; defined by personal values and needs |
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| Approach-Avoidance Conflicts |
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Definition
| Being attracted (drawn to) and repelled by the same goal or activity; attraction keeps person in the situation, but negative aspects can cause distress |
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| Mixed positive and negative feelings; central characteristics of approach-avoidance conflicts; may result in partial approach |
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| Feelings of tension,uneasiness, apprehension, worry, and vulnerablity |
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| Habitual and unconscious psychological processes designed to reduce anxiety; proposed by Sigmund Freud |
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| Refusing to accept or believe and unpleasant reality |
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| When painful memories and anxieties are held out of our awareness |
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| Impulses are repressed and the opposite behavior is exaggerated |
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Definition
| When one's feelings, shortcomings, or unacceptable traits and impulses are seen in others |
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| Justifying personal actions by giving "rational" but false reasons for them |
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| Defenses against feelings of inferiority |
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| Working off frustrated desires through socially acceptable activities |
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| Acquired inability to overcome obstacles and avoid aversive stimuli; learned passivity aand inaction to aversive stimuli |
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| State of feeling despondent defined by feelings of powerlessness and hopelessness; one of the most common and widespread mental problems |
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| Loss of appetite or sex drive, decreased activity, sleeping too much |
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| Reasonable and Unreasonable |
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| a fantasy; unattainable; usually born out of desperation |
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| Stress caused by many changes and adaptations required when one moves to a foreign culture |
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Definition
| Maintain your old cultural identity and avoid contact with the new culture; acculturative stress level is relatively high |
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| Reject your old culture but suffer rejection by members of the new culture; acculturative stress is relatively high |
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| Maintain yur old cultural identity but participate in the new culture; acculturative stress level is relatively low |
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| Adopt the new culture as your own and have contact with its members; acculturative stress level is moderate |
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| Any distressing day-to-day annoyance; aka microstressors |
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| Psychological factors contribute to actual bodily damage or to damaging changes in bodily functioning; may result in major and minor health complaints--usually respiratory and gastrointestinal |
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| Complaint about diseases that appear to be imaginary; interpreting normal fluctuations in body sensations as serious illness |
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| Personality type with elevated risk of heart disease; characterized by time urgency and chronic anger or hostility |
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| All personality types other than Type A; unlikely to have a heart attack |
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| Personality type associated with superior stress resistance; sense of personal commitment to self and family; feel they have control over their lives; see life as a series of challenges, not threats |
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