Term
| what are flashbulb memories? |
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Definition
| when you rmr something unusual or shocking or tragic. Not always complete or accurate, can change over time |
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Term
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Definition
| being able to retain and retrieve information. Gives us a sense of personal identity, gives us our past |
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Term
| what does disneyland example show about memories? |
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Definition
When ppl got older they were asked if they met mickey there, they said yes, then asked if they met bugs and they said yes, but thts impossible because bugs bunny is from looney toones not disneyland.
false memories can be created |
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Term
| what happened in the loftus study? what word made ppl think cars were going faster? |
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Definition
loftus study-using different words to describe event can cause different responses
cars smashed-cars going faster
cars hit-cars going a bit slower |
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Term
| Difference btw gist and verbatim processing, which is more accurate? |
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Definition
verbatim- exact info of event or memory
gist-main idea of event or memory
verbatim is more reliable |
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Term
| Are children susceptible to suggestion? how can this effect false testimony? |
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Definition
Yes, children are susceptible to suggestion. Should be asked open ended questions and not ask question that guide to false answers
False testimonies can be formed when children start to go with the suggestions and begin to lie without realizing it |
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Term
| What is recall and recognition? Which one is more difficult? |
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Definition
Recall-being able to retrieve and reprodice info.
Recognition-ability to identify info.
Recall is more difficult |
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Term
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Definition
| when a person reads or listens to info, and then tested to see if info effects their performance on another task |
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Term
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Definition
| idea that something you learn twice, is easier learning the second time |
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Term
| What is the three-box model of memory? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is sensory memory? how long does it hold info? |
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Definition
information from outside world, momentarily holds extremely accurate sensory info b4 it enters the short term memory.
holds info for .5-2 secs |
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Term
| what is short term memory? How long does it hold information? |
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Definition
retains information only temporarily, max interval may extend a few mins for certain tasks.
time-15-20secs |
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Term
| what is long term memory? how long can we hold info in long term memory? |
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Definition
long-term storage of info.
time-stays in memory forever but can b altered |
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Term
| what is chunking? How does this help us rmr info? |
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Definition
grouping small bits of info into larger units.
helps us rmr info because when it is in chunks there are less individual things to rmr |
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Term
| what are procedural memories? |
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Definition
| memory of how to perform actions or skills |
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Term
| what are declarative memories? |
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Definition
| memory of facts, concepts, or rules |
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Term
| primary and recency effect? Explanation on why we have these effects? |
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Definition
Primacy effect-recall first items on list
Recency effect-recall last items on list
Primacy effect b/c short term memory wuz empty when info entered.
Recency effect-since items were said last they are still sitting in short term memory |
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Term
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Definition
| processing meaning of something |
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Term
| what is shallow processing? |
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Definition
| focus on letters or words (poem or spelling) |
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Term
| what is the decay theory? |
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Definition
| use it or lose it. Use info or you will lost it b/c it is not being processed enough |
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Term
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Definition
| new information intereferes with the ability to remember old information |
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Term
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Definition
| old information interferes with the ability to remeber new information |
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Term
| state dependent memory and diff states? |
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Definition
tendency to rmr something when the rmrber is in the same physical or mental state as during the original learning or experience.
*environmental context-learn info in one room, you rmr what you learned in that room.
*physical state-learn new info when under influence, rmr under influence
*emotional state-rmr sad things when sad, rmr happy things when happy
*sensory modality-given info in verbal format, perform better if asked verbally and answer verbally |
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Term
| 21. What are the cognitive explanations to why there is childhood amnesia? |
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Definition
*lack of sense of self
*impoverished encoding-weak when young, encoding process lacking or weak
*a focus on routine-infants thrive on routine so no memory is made, nothing exciting happens
*different ways of thinking about the world |
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Term
| What is the method of loci? How would you use that? |
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Definition
| when u go grocery shopping u go thru each room and rmr wut u need from each room. rmr things visually |
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