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Definition
| Refers to getting information into the system by translating it into a neural code that your brain processes. |
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| A process where you can pull information out of storage when you want to use it |
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| Holds incoming sensory information just long enough for it to be recognized |
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| Short term / Working Memory |
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Definition
| Holds the information that we are conscious of at any given time. Constantly processes codes and works on information. |
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| Visual, phonological, semantic, or motor encoding that stores information so it can be retained in short-term and long-term memory. |
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| Iconic Store / Iconic Memory |
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| Sensory storage mechanism in which a purely visual representation of a stimulus array is held as a trace memory |
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| Sensory storage mechanism in which a purely audible representation of a stimulus array is held as a trace memory |
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| Combining individual items into larger units of meaning. This can greatly aid recall. Example: chunking all the planets into a sentence, "So My Very Eloquent Mother Just Served Us Noodle Pie." |
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| The simple repetition of information in an attempt to remember it |
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| Focusing on the meaning of information or relating it to other things you already know in attempt to remember it. (Most effective way to transfer information to long-term memory.) |
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| Recall is influenced by a word's position in a series of items. Two components: Primacy effect, easy to remember early information. Recency effect, easy to remember recent information. |
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Definition
Listed shallowest to deepest.
Visual or structural: processing only structure properties.
Phonological: processing the sound.
Semantic: processing the meaning. |
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Term
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Definition
| The art of improving memory. Refers to the greek god, Mnemosyne. |
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| The theory that, if we encode information by using both verbal and imagery codes, the chances improve that at least one of the two codes will be available later to support recall. |
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Definition
| A mental framework, an organized pattern of thought about some aspects of the world, such as a class of people, events, situations, or objects. |
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| A massive network of associated ideas and concepts |
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| Each concept stored within the memory is represented by a particular pattern or set of nodes that becomes activated simultaneously. |
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| Involves factual knowledge. Demonstrated by reciting facts or information. Includes two subcategories: knowledge pertaining to personal experience (episodic), and knowledge of general facts and language (semantic). |
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| Our store of factual knowledge concerning personal experiences, like when and where and what happened at different times of our lives. Example, I remember I went hiking last week |
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Definition
| Represents general factual knowledge about the world and language, including memory for words and concepts. |
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| Memory that is reflected in skills and actions. The type of memory associated with classical conditioning. This kind of memory is non-declaritive. |
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| Involves conscious or intentional memory retrieval, as when you consciously recall or recognize something. |
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| Occurs when memory influences our behaviour without conscious awareness. |
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Definition
| Any stimulus, whether internal or external, that stimulates the activation of information stored in long term memory |
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| Recollections that seem so vivid, so clear, that we can picture them as if they were a snapshot of a moment in time |
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| Encoding Specificity Principal |
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Definition
| States that memory is enhanced when conditions present during retrieval match those that were present during encoding. Includes context-dependent memory and state-dependent memory. |
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Definition
| The idea that it is typically easier to remember something in the same environment in which it was acquired. |
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| Proposes that our ability to retrieve information is greater when out internal state at the time of retrieval matches our original state during learning. |
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| We tend to recall information or events that are congruent (in agreement) with our current mood |
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| Proposes that with time and disuse the physical memory trace in the nervous system fades away. This concept, idea, theory, is still under debate by psychologists. |
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Definition
| Occurs when material learned in the past interferes with the recall of newer material. |
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Definition
| Occurs when newly acquired information interferes with the ability to recall information learned in the past. |
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| The idea that one's sub-conscience may protect oneself by blocking the recall of anxiety-arousing memories. |
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| Represents memory loss for events that occurred prior to the onset of amnesia |
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| Refers to the memory loss for events that occur after the initial onset of amnesia. |
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| Refers to impaired memory and other cognitive deficits that accompany brain degeneration and interfere with normal functioning. |
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| A progressive brain disorder that is the most common cause of dementia among adults over the age of 65 |
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Definition
| Concerns remembering to perform an activity in the future |
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Definition
| The inability to remember the first few years of one's life. |
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Definition
| The distortion of a memory by misleading post-event information |
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Definition
| Our tendency to recall something or recognize it as familiar, but to forget where we encountered it |
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Term
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Definition
| The creation and binding together of neural codes that allow information to be transferred from short-term to long-term memory |
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Term
| Long-Term Potentiation (LTP) |
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Definition
| An encoding increase in synaptic strength that occurs after a neural circuit is rapidly stimulated. |
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