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Definition
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| Central Nervous system (CNS) |
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Definition
| Brain and spinal cord (with a bunch of substructures) |
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| Peripheral nervous system (PNS) |
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Definition
| nerves outside the brain and spinal cord (two divisions) |
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| nerves that send messages from sense organs to CNS and from CNS to muscles |
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| controls heart, intestines and other organs |
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| communicates with sense organs and muscles below the head (part of CNS) |
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| entering dorsal roots carry sensory info and exiting ventral roots carry motor info |
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Definition
| clusters of neurons outside the spinal cord |
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| h shaped in spinal cord - densely packed with cell bodies and dendrites |
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| composed of mostly myelinated axons |
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| Sympathetic nervous system |
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Definition
| network of nerves that prepare organs for vigorous activity (increase HR) |
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| Parasympathetic nervous system |
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Definition
| Vegatative - nonemergency (brakes on a car) |
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Definition
| posterior - (medulla, pons, and cerebellum) |
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Definition
| consists of medulla, pons, midbrain, certain central structures |
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| control sensations from head, muscle movements in head, and parasympathetic output to organs |
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Definition
| lies anterior and ventral to medulla: bridge, left hemisphere controls right side body and vise versa |
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Definition
| ascending(output to cerebral cortex, increasing arousal/attention) + descending(motor area - spinal cord) - |
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| Large hindbrain struct. w/ many deep folds (control movement) |
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| Superior Colliculus + Inferior colliculus |
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Definition
| two swellings on each side of tectum |
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Definition
| Intermediate level of midbrain |
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| gives rise to dopamine-containing pathway |
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Definition
| most anterior and important part of mammalian brain (w/ 2 hemispheres) |
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| Boarder around brainstem (olfactory bulb, hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, cingulate gyrus of c.cortex) - motivation emotions, sex anxiety, aggression. |
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| center of forebrain (sensory info) |
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| small area near base of brain, ventral to thalamus |
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Definition
| endocrine (hormone producing) gland attached to base of hypothalamus |
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Definition
| Lies in dorsal surface of forebrain (receives input from hypothalamus/ basal ganglia and sends axons that release acetylcholine to cer. cortex.) |
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Definition
| large structure between thalamus and cerebral cortex |
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| clear fluid similar to plasma (in the ventricles and central canal of spinal cord) |
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| fluid-filled channel in center of spinal cord |
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| four fluid filled cavities within brain |
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| membranes that suround brain / spinal cord |
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| cellular layers on outer surface of cerebral hemispheres |
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| structure of the mammalian brain in the longitudal fissure that connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres. |
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Definition
| a bundle of white fibers, connecting the two cerebral hemispheres across the middle line |
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| layers of cell bodies that are parallel to surface of cortex and separated from each other by layers of fibers |
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Definition
| cells of cortex are also organized into columns of cells perpendicular to the laminae |
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| The occipital lobe is the visual processing center of the mammalian brain, containing most of the anatomical region of the visual cortex. (posterior of cortex) |
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Definition
| integrates sensory information from different modalities, (between occipital lobe and central sulcus |
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| one of the deepest grooves of cortex |
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| primary target for touch sensations / info from muscle stretch + joint receptors |
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| They lie at the sides of the brain, beneath the lateral or Sylvian fissure. If brain was boxing glove it would be the thumb. (involved in auditory processing and is home to the primary auditory cortex.) |
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| behavioral disorder - both the right and left medial temporal lobes of the brain malfunction (placidity - no fear) (removed temporal lobe) |
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| Located at the front of each cerebral hemisphere, primary motor cortex, which controls voluntary movements |
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| control of fine movements |
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| anterior part of the frontal lobes of the brain (thoughts and actions in accordance with internal goals) |
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| surgical disconection of prefrontal cortex from the rest of the brain |
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Definition
| stumulus appears briefly, some delay, individual must respont to remembered task |
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Definition
| Q. of how visual, auditory and other areas of brain produce a perception of a single object |
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Definition
| ranging frequency at various times from 30-80 action potentials per second |
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Definition
| computerized axial tomography - injects dye in blood - medical imaging - 3D image brain |
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| magnetic resonance imaging - used to render images of the inside of an objec - uses very strong magnetic field then turns it off |
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Definition
| Electroencephalograph - records electr. activity of brain through electrodes (attached to scalp) |
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| evoked potentials or (evoked response) |
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Definition
| activity in response to stimuli - electrical potential recorded from stimulus |
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Definition
| magnetoencephalograph - measures faint magnetic fields generated by brain activity |
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| positron-emmission tomography - High def. image of activity in brain by recording emission of radioactivity from injected chemicals |
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| functional magnetic resonance imaging - modified MRI based on hemoglobin |
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| devie for precise placement of electrodes in the brain |
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| A control - same procedures but w/out electrical current |
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| biochem method or direct mutation to a gene thats import. to certain cells, transmitters, receptors |
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| transcranial magnetic stimulation |
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Definition
| application of intense magnetic field to a portion of scalp, can temp. inactivate the neurons below the magnet |
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