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| The time of your birth has an impact on development. Your time is one context. |
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| Measure of education level of parents amd income. Being raised in poverty has a huge impact on development, physical gowth, brain development (cognitive development) |
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Study of human growth throughout life.
- Lifespan development is multidisciplinary
- Lifespan development explores the predictable milestones on our human journey
- Liespand development focuses on the individual differences that give spice to human life
Lifespan development explores the impact of life transitions and practices |
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| Socioeconomic Status (SES) |
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Definition
| Basic marker referring to stats on the educational and especially income rungs. |
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| Cognitive Behaviourism (Social Learning Theory) |
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Definition
| A behavioural worldview that empsizes that people learn by watching others and that our thoughts about the reinforcements determine our behaviour. cCognitive behaviouists focus on charting and modidying peoples thoughts. |
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| Theory formulated by John Bowlby centring on the critical importance to our species survival of being closely connected with a caregiver during early childhood and being attached to a signifiant other during all of life. |
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| Mental growth occurs through this. |
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| Enlarging our mental capacities to fit input from the wider world. |
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| A developmental research strategy that involves testing different age groups at the same time. |
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| A developmental research strategy that involves testing an age group repeatedly over many years |
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| Standard developmental science data- collection strategy that involves testing groups of people using numerical scales and statistics. |
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| Occasional developmental science data- collection strategy that includes interviewing people to obtain info that cannot be quantifies on a numerical scale. |
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| Involving rapid eye movements when the EEG looks almost like it does during walking. REM sleep decreases as infants mature. |
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| Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) |
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Definition
| Unexplained death of an apparently healthy infant, often while sleeping during the first year of life. |
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| Predictable oss of interest that develops once a stimulus becomes familiar; used to explore infant sensory capacities and thinking |
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| Front of brain responsible for reasoning and planning |
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| Physical abilities; large movements (running and jumping) |
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| Small movements; drawing and writing ones name |
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| The ratio of weight to height |
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| Concrete Operational Thinking |
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Definition
| In Piagets framework the type of cognition characteristic of children aged 8-11 marked by the ability to reason about the world in a ore logical, adult way. |
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| Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) |
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| In Vigotsky's theory the gap between a child's ability to solve an problem totally on his own. |
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| The capacity to manage ones emotional state |
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| A personality style that involves intense fear, social inhibition, and often depression. |
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| "good, "bad" comparing self to other people |
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| steady rise in overall performance on IQ tests |
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| The phase of life that begins after high school, tapers off toward the late 20's, and is devoted to constructing an adult life. |
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| Sharing a household in an unmade romantic relationship |
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| Eriksons first adult task, involving connecting with a partner in a mutual loving relationship. |
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| Intese fear and dislike of gays and lesbians. |
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| Stimulus Value Role Theory |
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Definition
| Mursteins mate selection theory that suggest similar people pair up and that our path to commitment progresses through three phases |
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| In Mursteins theory, the initial mateseletcion stage, in which we make judgements about a potential partner based on external characteristic such as appearance |
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| In Mursteins theory, the second mate selection stage, in which we make judgements about a partner on the basis of similar values and interest |
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| In Mursteins theory, in which commutes partners work out their future life together |
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| The principle that we select a mate who is similar to us |
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| The different ways in which adults relate to romantic parters, based on MAry Ainsworths infant attachment styles. |
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| Preoccupied/ambivalent insecure attachment |
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Definition
| An excessively clingy, needy style of relating to loved ones |
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| Avoidant/dismissive insecure Attachment |
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Definition
| A stand-offish, excessively disengaged style of relating to loved ones |
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| The genuine intimacy that is ideal in love relationships |
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| Deinstitionalization of Marriage |
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Definition
| The discipline in marriage and the emergence of alternate family forms that occurred during he last third of the twentieth century |
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| U Shaped Curve of marital Satisfaction |
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Definition
| The most common pathway of marital happiness in the West, in which satisfaction is the highest at the honeymoon, declines during the child rearing years, then rises after the children grow up. |
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| Triangular Theory of Love |
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| Robert Sternberg's categorization of love relationships into three facts: passion, intimacy, and commitment. |
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| In Robert Sternberg's triangular theory of love, the ideal form of love, in which a couples relationship involves all three of the major facets of love: passion, intimacy, and commitment. |
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| Demand Withdrawal Interaction |
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Definition
| A pathological type of communication in which one partner, most often the women, presses for more intimacy and the other person, most often the man, tens to back off |
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| The average number of children a women in a given country has during her lifetime. |
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| Fairness in the "work" of a couples life together. |
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| Traditional concept that a mans job is to support a wife and children. |
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| Traditional Stable Career |
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| A career path in which people settle into their permanent life's work in their 20's and often stay with the same organization until they retire. |
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| Today's most common career path for Western workers. |
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| The separation of men and women into different kinds of jobs |
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| Work that provides inner fulfillment and allows people to satisfy their needs for creativity , autonomy and relatedness |
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| Work that is performed for external reinforcers, such a spay |
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| A job situation that places so many requirements or demands n works that it becomes impossible to do a good job. |
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| A situation in which a person is torn between two or more major responsibilities for instance, parent and worker and cannot do either job adequately. |
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| A situation in which people typically parents are torn between the demands of family and work. |
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| Five core psychological predispositions neruoticism, extraversion, openness to experience, conscientiousness and agreeableness that underlie personality. |
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| In Eriskons theory, the seventh psychological task in which people in midlife find meaning from nurturing the next generation caring for others, or enriching the lives of others through their work |
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| Well being defined a spur pleasure |
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| Well being defined a shaving a sense of meaning and life purpose |
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| In Dan McAdams research, a type of autobiography produced by highly generative adults that involve childhood memories of feeling specula; begin unusually sensitive to others misfortunes; having a strong, enduring genrertiave mission from adolescence; and redemtipn sequences |
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Definition
| In McAdams research, a characteristic them of highly generative adults autobiographies in which they describe tragic events that turned out for the best. |
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Term
| Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) |
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Definition
| The standard test to measure adult IQ, involving verbal and performance scale, each of which is made up of various subtests. |
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| Seattle Longitudinal Study |
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Definition
| The definitive study of the effect of aging on intelligence, carried out by K. |
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| Crystallized Intelligence |
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| A basic facet of intelligence, consisting of a persons knowledge base, or storehouse of accumulated information. |
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| A basic facet of intelligence, consisting of the ability to quickly master new intellectual activities. |
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| A research phenomenon in which a dramatic decline in an older persons score on vocabulary tests and other measures of crystallized intelligence predicts having a terminal disease. |
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| Selective Optmalization with Compensation |
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Definition
| Paul Baltes three principles for successful aging and living (1) selectivity focusing on what is most important (2) working harder to perform well in those top ranking areas and (3) reyling on external aids to cop effectively. |
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| A uniquely adult form of intelligence that involves being sensitive to different perspectives, making decisions based on ones inner feelings and being interested in exploring new questions. |
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| A basic role of grandparents, which involves monitoring the younger family members ell being and intervening to provide help in a crisis. |
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| Grandparents who are taken often full responsibility for raising their grandchildren |
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| Adult children's care for their disabled elderly parents |
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| The age related process, occurring at about age 50, in which ovulation and menstruation stop due to the declining of estrogen. |
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| The age at which 50% of a population is older and 50% is younger |
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| People in their sixties and seventies |
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| A difficult memory challenge involving memorizing material while imultanesouly monitoring something else |
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| A strategy for aiding memory, often by using imagery or enhancing the emotional meaning of what needs to be learned. |
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| Socioemotionl Selectivity Theory |
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Definition
| A theory of aging put forth by Laura Carstensen, describing how the time we have left to live affects our priorities and social relationships. |
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Definition
| The tendency for older people to focus on positive experiences and screen out negative events |
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| Erik Erikson's eight psychological stage, in which elderly people decide that their life missions have been fulfilled and so accept impending death |
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Definition
| the US governments national retirement support program |
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| The major source of nongovernmental income support for retirees, in which the individual worker and employer put a portion of each paycheque into an account to help finance retirement. |
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| Illegally laying off workers or failing to hire or promote them on the basis of age. |
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| The fraction of people over age 60 compared to younger, working age adults. |
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| Balancing the needs f the young and old. |
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Definition
| A widowed person's ongoing sense of the deceased spouses presence "in spirit" |
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| Widowhood Mortality Effect |
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Definition
| The elevated risk of death that occurs among surviving spouses particularly men after being widowed. |
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| The universal, often progressive signs of physical deterioration intrinsic to the aging process |
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Definition
| Any long term illness that requires ongoing management |
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| ADL (Activities of daily living ) problems |
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Definition
| Difficulty in performing everyday tasks that are required for living independently. |
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| Instrumental ADL Problems |
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Definition
| Difficulties in performing everyday household tasks, such as cooking and cleaning |
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Definition
| Difficulty in performing essential self care activities, such as rising from a chair, eating, and getting to the toilet. |
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Definition
| the disparity, found in nations around the world, between the health of the rich and poor. |
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Definition
| Age related midlife difficulty with near vision, caused by the inability of the lens to bend. |
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Definition
| A transparent, disk shaped structure in the eye, which bends to allow us to see close objects. |
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Definition
| Age related difficulty inn hearing, particularly high pitched tones, cased by the atrophy of the hearing receptors located in the inner ear. |
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Definition
| A style of communication used with an older person who seems to be physically impaired, involving speaking loudly and slow, exaggerated pronunciation, as if talking to a baby. |
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| The speed at which a person can respond to a stimulus. |
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| An age related chronic disease in which the bones become porous, fragile, and more likely to break. |
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Definition
| The general term for any illness that produces serious, progressive, usually irreversible cognitive decline. |
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| At type of age relayed dementia caused by multiple small strokes |
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Definition
| A type of age related dementia characterized by neural atrophy and abnormal by products of that atrophy, such as senile plaques and neurofirillary tangles |
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Definition
| Long, wavy filaments that replace normal neurons and are characteristic of Alzheimer's disease |
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| Thick, bullet like amyloid laden structures that replace normal neurones and are characteristic of Alzheimer's disease. |
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| The US governments program of health insurance for elderly people |
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| Alternatives to instituioalization |
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Definition
| Services and setting designed to keep older people who are experiencing age related disabilities that don't merit intense 24 hour care from having to enter nursing homes |
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| Continuing Care Retirement Community |
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Definition
| A housing option characterized by a series of levels of care for elderly residents ranging from independently apartments to assisted living to nursing home care. |
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Definition
| A housing option providing care for elderly people who have instrumental ADL impairments and can no longer live independently but may not need a nursing home. |
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Definition
| A service for impaired older adults who live with relatives, in which the older person spends the day at a centre offering various activities |
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Definition
| Nursing oriented and housekeeping help provided in the home of an impaired older adult. |
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| Nursing home/long-term care facility |
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Definition
| A residential institution that provides shelter and intensive caregiving, primarily to older people who need help with basic ADLs. |
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| Certified Nurse Assistant or Aide |
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Definition
| The main hands on care provider in a nursing home who helps elderly residents with basic ADL problems. |
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Definition
| Piagetian tasks that involve changing the shape of a substance to see whether children can go beyond the way that substance visually appears to undertsand that the amount is till the same. |
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Definition
| The time when a body sturtcure is most vulnerable t dmaage by a teratogen, typically when that organ or process is rapidly dveeloping or coming "online" CRITICAL PERIODS |
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Definition
| The predictable loss of interest that dveelops once a stimulus becomes familiar; used to explore infant sensory capcities and thinking |
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| * Correlational Design (study) |
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Definition
| A reaserch staregy that involves realting two or mor variables |
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Term
| *Longitudianl Design (study) |
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Definition
| A developmental research stargety that involves tetsing an age group repeated over many years |
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| * Cross-Sectional Design (Study) |
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Definition
| A dveleopmental reaesrch stargety that involves testing different age groups at the same time |
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