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| The way a person typically interacts with significant others. |
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| A relationship in which the participants expect and desire mutual responsiveness to each other's need. |
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| A secure, trusts, stable partnership. |
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| The theory that people are most satisfied with a relationship when the ratio between benefits and contributions is similar for both partners. |
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| A relationship in which the participants expect and desire strict reciprocity in their interactions. |
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| The tendency to prefer people who are highly selective in their social choices over those who are more readily available. |
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| A close relationship between two adults involving emotional attachment, fulfillment of psychological needs, or interdependence. |
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| A feeling of deprivation about existing social relations. |
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| The proposition that people are attracted to others who are similar in physical attractiveness. |
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| The phenomenon whereby the more often people are exposed to a stimulus, the more positively they evaluate that stimulus. |
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| The desire to establish and maintain many rewarding interpersonal relationships. |
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| Romantic love characterized by high arousal, intense attraction, and fear of rejection. |
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| A mutual exchange between what we give and receive-for example, liking those who like us. |
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| Revelations about the self that a person makes to others. |
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| A person's preference for members of the same sex (homosexuality), opposite sex (heterosexuality), or both sexes (bisexuality). |
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| A perspective that views people as motivated to maximize benefits and minimize costs in their relationships with others. |
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| Triangular Theory of Love |
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| A theory proposing that love has three basic components-intimacy, passion, and commitment-which can be combined to produce eight subtypes. |
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| What-Is-Beautiful-Is-Good Stereotype |
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| The belief that physically attractive individuals also possess desirable personality characteristics |
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| Motivated by the desire to improve another's welfare. |
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| Arousal: Cost-Reward Model |
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| The proposition that aggression is influence by both the intensity of arousal and the type of emotion produced by a stimulus. |
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| Reluctance to help for fear of making a bad impression on others. |
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| The effect whereby th presence of others inhibits helping. |
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| Diffusion of Responsibility |
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| The belief that others will or should take the responsibility for providing assistance to a person in need. |
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| Motivated by the desire to increase one's own welfare. |
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| Empathy-Altruism Hypothesis |
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Definition
| The proposition that empathic concern for a person in need produces an altruistic motive for helping. |
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| The effect whereby being in a good mood increase the probability that one will help. |
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| Preferential helping of genetic relatives, so that genes held in common will survive. |
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| Negative State Relief Model |
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Definition
| The proposition that people help others in order to counteract their own feelings of sadness. |
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| The sense in individualistic cultures taht people's attitudes and behaviors are, and should be, highly influenced by their self-interest. |
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| Norm of Social Responsibility |
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| A moral standard emphasizing that people should help those who need assistance. |
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| The state in which people mistakenly believe that their own thoughts and feelings are different from those of others, even when everyone's behavior is the same. |
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| Actions intended to benefit others. |
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| A general rule of conduct reflecting standards of social approval and disapproval. |
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| Threat-To-Self-Esteem Model |
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| The theory that reactions to receiving assistance depend on whether help is perceived as supportive or threatening. |
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| Behavior intended to harm another individual. |
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| The proposition that aggresson is influenced by both the intensity of arousal and the type of emotion produced by a stimulus. |
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| A reduction of the motive to aggress that is said to result from any imagined, observed, or actual act of aggression. |
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| Cognitive Neoassociation Analysis |
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Definition
| The view that unpleasant experience create negative affect, which in turn stimulates association connected with anger and fear. Emotional and behavioral outcomes then depend, at least in part, on higher order cognitive processing. |
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| The process by which the mass media (particularly television) construct a version of social reality for the public. |
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| The transmission of domestic violence across generations. |
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| Aggressing against a substitute target because aggressive acts against the source of the frustration are inhibited by fear or lack of access. |
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| Inflicting harm for its own sake. |
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| Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis |
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Definition
| The idea that: Frustration always elicits the motive to aggress and that all aggression is cause by frustration. |
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| Adaptation to something familiar, so that both physiological and psychological responses are reduced. |
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| The tendency to perceive hostile intent in others. |
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| Inflicting harm in order to obtain something of value. |
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| Information about a person's situation indicating that he or she should not be held fully responsible for aggressive reactions. |
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| The theory that behavior is learned through the observation of others as well as through their direct experience of rewards and punishments. |
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| The tendency of weapons to increase the likelihood of aggression by their mere presence. |
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| A cultural orientation in which interdependence, cooperation, and social harmony take priority over personal goals. |
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| Changes in behavior that are elicited by direct requests |
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| The tendency to change our perceptions, opinion or behavior in ways that are consistent with group norms. |
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| Door-In-The-Face Technique |
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Definition
| A two-step compliance technique in which an influencer prefaces the real request with one that is so large that it is rejected. |
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| Foot-In-The-Door technique |
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Definition
| A two-step compliance technique in which an influencer sets the stafer for the real request by first getting a person to comply with a much smaller request. |
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| Interpersonal "credits" that a person earns by following group norms. |
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| A cultural orientation in which independence, autonomy, and self-reliance take priority over group allegiances. |
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| Influence that produces conformity when a person believes others are correct in their judgments. |
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| A two-step compliance technique in which the influencer secures agreement with a request but then increases the size of that request by revealing hidden costs. |
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| The process by which dissenters produce change within a group. |
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| Influence that produces conformity when a person fears the negative social consequences of appearing deviant. |
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| Behavior change produced by the commands of authority. |
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| The change of beliefs that occurs when a person privately accepts the position taken by others. |
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| A superficial change in overt behavior, without a corresponding change of opinion, produced by real or imagined group pressure. |
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| The theory that social influence depends on the strength, immediacy, and number of source persons relative to target persons. |
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| A two-step compliance technique in which the influencer begins with an inflate request, then decreases its apparent size by offering a discount or bonus. |
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| A subfield of psychology that examines the role of genetic factors in behavior. |
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| Research designed to compare and contrast people of different cultures. |
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| A subfield of psychology that uses the principles of evolution to understand human social behavior. |
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| Interactionist Perspective |
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| An emphasis on how both an individual's personality and environmental characteristics influence behavior. |
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| Research designed to examine racial and ethnic groups within cultures. |
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| The study of how people perceive, remember, and interpret information about themselves and others. |
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| The study of the relationship between neural and social processes. |
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Definition
| The scientific study of how individuals think, feel, and behavie in regard to other people and how individuals' thoughts, feeling, and behaviors are affected by other people. |
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