Term
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Definition
| the processes involved in retaining, retrieving, and using information about stimuli, images, events, ideas, and skills after the original information is no longer present |
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Term
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Definition
| model proposed by Atkinson and Shiffrin that describes memory as a mechanism that involves processing information through a series of stages, including STM and LTM. it is called the ______ model because it contained features of many models that were being proposed in the 1960s |
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Term
| structural features (modal model) |
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Definition
| stages in the modal model of memory. these stages are sensory memory, STM, and LTM |
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Term
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Definition
| active processes that can be controlled by the person and may differ from one task to another |
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Definition
| repeating a stimulus over and over |
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Definition
| storing information in LTM |
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Definition
| process of remembering info that is stored in LTM |
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Term
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Definition
| the retention, for brief periods of time, of the effects of sensory stimulation |
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Term
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Definition
| retention of the perception of light in your mind |
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Term
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Definition
| Ps are asked to report as many letters as possible from an entire matrix of letters |
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Term
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Definition
| procedure used in Sperling's experiment on the properties of the visual icon, in which Ps where instructed to report only some of the stimuli in a briefly presented display. A cue tone immediately after the display was extinguished indicated which part of the display to report |
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Term
| delayed partial report method |
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Definition
| procedure used in Sperling's experiment on the properties of the visual icon, in which Ps were instructed to report only some of the stimuli in a briefly presented display. A cue tone that was delayed for a fraction of a second after the display was extinguished indicated which part of the display to report |
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Term
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Definition
| brief sensory memory for visual stimuli that lasts for a fraction of a second after a stimulus is extinguished. This corresponds to the sensory memory stage of the modal model of memory |
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Term
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Definition
| persistence of sound that lasts for a few seconds after presentation of the original stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| the system involved in storing small amounts of info for a brief period of time |
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Term
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Definition
| Ps are presented with stimuli and then, after a delay, are asked to remember as many of the stimuli as possible |
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Term
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Definition
# of digits a person can remember
typical span = 5-8 digits |
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Term
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Definition
| small units can be combined into larger meaningful units, like phrases or even larger units, like sentences, paragraphs, or stories |
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Term
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Definition
| a collection of elements that are strongly associated with one another but are weakly associated with elements in other chunks |
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Term
| physiological approach to coding |
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Definition
| determining how a stimulus is represented by the firing of a neurons |
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Term
| mental approach to coding |
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Definition
| how a stimulus or an experience is represented in the mind |
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Term
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Definition
| involves representing items in STM based on their sound |
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Term
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Definition
| involves representing items visually, as would occur when remembering the details of a floor plan or the layout of streets on a map |
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Term
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Definition
| representing items in terms of their meaning |
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Term
| release from proactive interference |
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Definition
| a situation in which conditions occur that eliminate or reduce the decrease in performance caused by proactive interference |
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Term
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Definition
| a limited-capacity system for temporary storage and manipulation of info for complex tasks such as comprehension, learning, and reasoning |
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Definition
| holds verbal and auditory information |
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Term
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Definition
| has a limited capacity and holds info for only a few secs |
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Term
| articulatory rehearsal process |
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Definition
| responsible for rehearsal that can keep items in the phonological store from decaying |
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Term
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Definition
| holds visual and spatial info (ie. form a mental picture, solving a puzzle, etc) |
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Term
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Definition
where the major work of working memory occurs
pulls info from long term memory and coordinates the activity of the phonological loop and visuospatial sketch pad by focusing on specific parts of a task and switching attention from one part to another |
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Term
| phonological similarity effect |
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Definition
| the confusion of letters or words that sound similar |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when memory for lists of words is better for short words than for long words |
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Term
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Definition
| reduces memory because speaking interferes with rehearsal |
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Term
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Definition
| creation of visual images in the mind in the absence of a physical visual stimulus |
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Definition
| operation of the visuospatial sketch pad because it involves visual rotation through space |
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Term
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Definition
difficulty in switching from one behavior to another, which can hinder a person's ability to solve problems that require flexible thinking.
observed in cases in which the prefrontal cortex has been damaged |
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Term
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Definition
| stores info (thereby providing extra capacity) and is connected to LTM (thereby making interchange between working memory and LTM possible) |
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Definition
| task where monkeys are required to hold info in working memory during a delay period |
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Term
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Definition
| a test developed designed to measure both the storage and processing functions of working memory |
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