Term
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Definition
| the ability to focus on specific stimuli or locations |
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Term
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Definition
| the focusing of attention on one specific location, object, or message |
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Definition
visual attention
process of shifting attention from one place to another by moving the eyes |
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Definition
visual attention
attention is shifted without moving the eyes (ie. "out of the corner of my eye") |
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Term
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Definition
| attending to 2+ things at once |
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Term
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Definition
| different messages are presented to the 2 ears. Ps must focus attention to messages specific to one ear. |
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Definition
| in dichotic listening: refers to procedure of having Ps repeat message out loud to ensure they are focusing their attention on the attended message |
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Definition
explains how selective attention is achieved
[messages] --> --> [filter] --(attended message)--> [detector] --> MEMORY |
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Term
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Definition
| holds all incoming info for a fraction of a second then transfers to next stage |
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Term
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Definition
| identifies the attended message based on physical characteristics (ie. speaker's tone, pitch, speed, accent) and lets only this message pass through the detector in next stage |
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Term
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Definition
| processes info to determine higher-level characteristics of the message |
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Term
| short term memory (STM) in early selection model |
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Definition
receives output of detector.
Holds info for 10 to 15 secs before transfers info to long term memory (LTM) |
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Term
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Definition
| a person is selectively listening to one message among many yet hears his or her name being called, or some other distinctive message (ie. FIRE!!) that is not being attended. |
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Term
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Definition
replaces Broadbent's "filter"
analyzes incoming message in terms of
1) physical char--high or low pitched, fast or slow
2)language--how the message groups into syllables or words
3) meaning--how sequences of words create meaningful phrases |
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Term
| attenuation theory of attention |
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Definition
| language and meaning used to separate messages |
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Term
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Definition
| contains stored words, each of which has a threshold for being activated |
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Term
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Definition
| idea that a person has a certain cognitive capacity which can be used for carrying out various tasks |
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Term
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Definition
| the amount of a person's cognitive resources needed to carry out a particular cognitive task |
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Term
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Definition
| tasks that use up small amount of a person's cognitive resources |
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Term
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Definition
| tasks that use more/a lot of a person's cognitive resources |
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Term
| flanker compatibility task |
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Definition
| in which participants are told to carry out a task that requires them to focus their attention on specific stimuli and to ignore other stimuli |
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Term
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Definition
| task where you must name color of ink the word is printed in |
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Term
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Definition
a type of processing that occurs
1) without intention
2)at a cost of only some of a person's cognitive resources |
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Term
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Definition
| Ps must pay close attention at all times and had to search for the target among the distractors in a much more focused and controlled way than in the consistent mapping condition |
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Term
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Definition
| not noticing something even though it is in clear view, usually caused by failure to pay attention to the object or the place where the object is located |
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Term
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Definition
| difficulty in detecting changes in similar, but slightly different, scenes that are presented one after another. The changes are often easy to see once attention is directed to them, but are usually undetected in the absence of appropriate attention |
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Term
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Definition
| automatic attraction of attention by a sudden visual or auditory stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| the conscious decision to scan the environment, perhaps to find a specific stimulus or just to keep track of what's going on |
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Definition
| a device that measures shifting of the eyes |
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Definition
| places where the eyes briefly paused |
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Definition
| movements of the eye from one fixation to the next |
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Definition
| physical properties of the stimulus (ie. color, contrast, or movement) |
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Definition
| an observer's knowledge about what is contained in typical scenes |
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Term
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Definition
| Ps are presented with a "cue" that indicates where a stimulus is most likely to appear |
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Definition
| attention is directed to a specific location or place |
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Definition
| attention that is directed to a specific object |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when the enhancing effect of attention spreads throughout an object, so that attention to one place on an object results in a facilitation of processing at other places on the object |
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Term
| feature integration theory |
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Definition
| an approach to object preception developed by Anne Treisman that proposes that object perception occurs in a sequence of stages in which features are first analyzed and then combined to result in perception of an object |
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Definition
| stage where objects are analyzed into separate features |
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Definition
| a situation, demonstrated in experiments by Anne Treisman, in which features from different objects are inappropriately combined |
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Definition
| a condition caused by brain damage in which a person has difficulty focusing attention on individual objects |
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Definition
| achieving a high sensitivity to incoming stimuli |
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Definition
| focusing attention where visual targets may appear |
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Term
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Definition
| control of attention occurs for tasks that involve conflict, such as the Stroop task or flanker compatibility task |
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Term
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Definition
| a serious developmental disorder in which one of the major symptoms is withdrawal of contact from other people |
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