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| experiences resulting from stimulation of the senses |
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| Recognition by components (RBC) |
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| theory that proposes we perceive objects by perceiving elementary features |
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| perceptual building blocks that can be combined to create objects |
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| principle of componential recovery |
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| if we can recover (see) an object's geons, we can identify the object |
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processing that starts with information received by the receptors
aka data-based processing |
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processing that involves a person's knowledge or expectations
aka knowledge-based processing |
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| neural signal that travels back from higher centers to influence incoming signals |
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| we tend to perceive objects as remaining the same size even when they move to different distances |
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| the process of perceiving individual words within the continuous flow of the speech signal |
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| we perceive the object that is most likely to have caused the pattern of stimuli we have received |
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gestalt psychologists
the way elements are grouped together to create larger objects |
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points that, when connected result in straight or smoothly curving lines are seen as belonging together, and the lines tend to be seen in such a way as to follow the smoothest path. Also, objects that are overlapped by other objects are perceived as continuing behind the overlapping object.
(ie. bundle of rope) |
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law of pragnanz
law of good figure
law of simplicity |
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| every stimulus pattern is seen in such a way that the resulting structure is as simple as possible |
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| similar things appear to be grouped together |
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| things that form patterns that are familiar or meaningful are likely to be grouped together |
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| rules of thumb that provide a best-guess solution to a problem |
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| a procedure guaranteed to solve a problem |
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| regularities in the environment |
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| characteristics of the environment that occur frequently (ie. blue = open sky) |
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| regularly occurring physical properties of the environment |
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| the finding that vertical and horizontal orientations can be perceived more easily than other (slanted) orientations |
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| light from above heuristic |
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| we assume light comes from above (allows for shadowing & 3D effect) |
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| experience dependent plasticity |
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| a mechanism that causes an organism's neurons to develop to they respond best so the type of stimulation to which the organism has been exposed eg. GREEBLES |
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Leslie Ungerleider & Mortimer Mishkin
removing part of monkeys' brain affected its ability to identify an object and to determine object's location |
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| object discrimination problem |
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Definition
| show monkey a rectangle, expect him to eat from rectangle food well |
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| landmark discrimination problem |
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| monkey must remove food well cover closer to tall cylinder |
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height in picture plane tells you woman is farther back, not that she's tiny compared to the dog in front of her
(Humans are bigger than dogs) |
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depth - circle is behind the square, person is behind someone else, etc
texture gradient - field of sunflowers ~~ individual sunflowers disappear as you scan further back
linear perspective - railroad tracks
height in picture plane - determines distance
atmospheric perspective - things look bluer the farther they are |
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| 2 eyes each get different view of the world |
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| Feature demons perceive individual parts of image. If image has the part, they shout. Cognitive demons are next level up. They "sum up" how much the parts are there. The more matches in parts, the louder the shouting. Decision demon then decides which the best match is by choosing the demon that is shouting the loudest. |
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| matched parts of image (ie. vertical line, round edge, etc) to determine what the object is... failed because orientation would change it, size could change it, fonts, etc. |
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