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Psyc 2150 Ch2
Cognitive Neuroscience
30
Psychology
Not Applicable
09/20/2011

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Term
cognitive neuroscience
Definition
study of physiological basis of cognition
Term
neurons
Definition
building blocks and transmission lines of nervous system
Term
localization of function
Definition
specific areas of the brain serve specific functions
Term
cerebral cortex
Definition
serves most cognitive functions
3mm thick layer of tissue that covers brain
Term
primary receiving areas
Definition
first areas of cerebral cortex to receive signals from each of the senses
Term
occipital lobe
Definition
back of brain (behind eyes essentially)
vision
Term
parietal lobe
Definition
top part of brain in front of occipital lobe
skin senses (touch, temperature, pain)
Term
temporal lobe
Definition
ears
hearing
Term
frontal lobe
Definition
front of brain (behind forehead)
responds to all of the senses & involved in higher order functioning (perception, coordination of info received through 2+ senses, etc.)
Term
prosopagnosia
Definition
inability to recognize faces
Term
positron emission tomography (PET)
Definition
1970s
brain imaging technique involving injection of a radioactive tracer into bloodstream ~~ blood flow increases in areas of brain activated by cognitive task
Term
subtraction technique
Definition
the technique used in brain imaging in which
activity generated by a specific task
-
baseline activity
=
activity due only to task that is being studied
Term
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
Definition
brain imaging technique that measures how blood flow changes in response to cog. activity. Unlike PET, does not involve injection of radioactive tracer
Term
fusiform face area (FFA)
Definition
area in temporal lobe that contains many neurons that respond selectively to faces
Term
parahippocampal place area (PPA)
Definition
activated by pics representing indoor & outdoor scenes
Term
extrastriate body area (EBA)
Definition
activated by pics of bodies and parts of bodies (but not faces)
Term
module
Definition
area specialized for specific function
Term
Broca's Area
Definition
Speech FORMATION - Broca's Aphasia
Frontal Lobe
Term
Wernicke's Area
Definition
Speech COMPREHENSION - Wernicke's aphasia (produce meaningless speech and unable to understand speech) Temporal lobe
Term
Event related potential (ERP)
Definition
recorded with small disc electrodes placed on person's scalp each electrode picks up signals from groups of neurons that fire togeither
Term
distributed processing
Definition
specific functions are processed by many different areas in the brain
(eg. rolling red ball... Red, rolling direction, speed, shape, depth, etc.)
Term
retina
Definition
layer of neurons that line the back of the eye
Hubel & Weisel Experiment monitoring neurons of cats & monkeys
Term
feature detectors
Definition
neurons that respond to specific features (ie. orientation, size, or more complex features that make up environmental stimuli)
Term
specificity coding
Definition
representation of specific stimulus by firing of neurons that respond only to that stimulus
Term
grandmother cell
Definition
a neuron that responds only to a highly specific stimulus. This stimulus could be a specific image (ie. a picture of someone's grandmother), a concept (ie. idea of grandmothers in general), or a person's real-life grandmother.
Term
distributed coding
Definition
code that indicates a specific face is distributed across a number of neurons
Term
critical period
Definition
time window to learn something. Once it's passed. It's passed
eg. imprinting ~~ Lorenz & Ducks
Term
Sensitive period
Definition
period of time where it's easier to learn something
Term
Fixed action pattern
Definition
a complex behavior that emerges, full-blown, with little opportunity for practice & reward
eg. stickleback fish
Term
abstract constructs
Definition
a theoretical set of processes and representations eg. generativity ~~ language OR Short Term Memory
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