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Definition
| a continuing succession of interactions between two people that are affected by their shared past interactions and that also affect their future interactions |
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Definition
| the process by which we evaluate our own abilities, values, and other qualities by comparing ourselves with others, usually our peers |
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| a procedure for determining children's status within their peer group; each child in the group either nominates others whom she likes best and leas or rates each child in the group for desirability as a companion |
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| children who are liked by many peers and disliked by very few |
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Definition
| children who are disliked by many peers and liked by few |
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| children who are often socially isolated and, although they are not necessarily disliked by others, have few friends |
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| children who have some friends but who are not as well liked as popular children |
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Definition
| children who are liked by many peers but also disliked by many |
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Definition
| rejected children who tend to be anxious, withdrawn, and socially unskilled |
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Definition
| rejected children who have low self-control, are highly aggressive, and exhibit behavior problems |
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Definition
| ill treatment of one child by another (or by others) that can range from teasing to bullying to serious physical harm; typically, victimizing is a continuous behavior that persists over time |
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Definition
| the honest sharing of information of a very personal nature, often with a focus on problem solving; a central means by which adolescents develop friendships |
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Definition
| sharing some negative information about another child with a peer |
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Definition
| a relationship of mutual dislike between two people |
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Definition
| an ordering of individuals in a group from most to least dominant; a "pecking order" |
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Term
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Definition
| a voluntary group formed on the bases of friendship |
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Definition
| a collection of people whom others have stereotyped on the basis of their perceived shared attitudes |
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Term
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Definition
| Piaget's first stage of moral development, in which the child shows little concern for rules |
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Term
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Definition
| Piaget's second stage of moral development, in which the child shows great respect for rules but applies them quite inflexibly |
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Term
| stage ruled by moral reciprocity |
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Definition
| Piaget's third stage of moral development, in which the child recognizes that rules may be questioned and altered, considers the feelings and views of others, and believes in equal justice for all |
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Term
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Definition
| Kohlberg's first level of moral development, in which he sees the child's behavior as based on the desire to avoid punishment and gain rewards |
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Term
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Definition
| Kohlberg's second level of moral development, in which the child's behavior is designed to solicit other's approval and maintain good relations with them. The child accepts societal regulations unquestioningly and judges behavior as good if it conforms to these rules |
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Term
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Definition
| socially based rules about every day conduct (such as table manners) |
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Definition
| according to Kopp, the first phase in learning self-regulation, when children are highly dependent on caregivers to remind them about acceptable behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| according to Kopp, the second phase in learning self-regulation, when the child becomes able to comply with care-giver expectations in the absence of the caregiver |
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Term
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Definition
| according to Kopp, the third phase in learning self-regulation, when the children become able to use strategies and plan to direct their own behavior and to delay gratification |
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Term
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Definition
| to put off until another time possessing or doing something that gives one pleasure |
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Term
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Definition
| the child's internalized values and standards of behavior; linked with children's achievement of self-regulatory capacities |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to inhibit one's impulses and to behave according to social or moral rules. has three stages. |
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Definition
| behavior designed to help or benefit other people |
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Definition
| an unselfish concern for the welfare of others |
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Definition
| intrinsically motivated behavior that is intended to help others without expectation of acknowledgement of concrete reward |
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Definition
| the capacity to experience the same emotion that someone else is experiencing |
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Definition
| behavior that intentionally harms other people by inflicting pain or injury on them |
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Term
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Definition
| quarreling and fighting with others over toys and possessions |
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Term
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Definition
| directing aggressive behavior at a particular person or group, criticizing, ridiculing, tattling on, or calling names |
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Definition
| the use of force to dominate another person or to bully or threaten others |
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Definition
| aggressive behavior as a response to attack, threat, or frustration |
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Definition
| damaging or destroying interpersonal relationships by such means as excluding another or gossiping about or soiling another's reputation |
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Definition
| the belief that behaving aggressively against a safe target can reduce aggression |
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Definition
| being unskilled at solving interpersonal problems |
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Term
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Definition
| involves the study of the origins, changes, and continuities in maladaptive behavior over the life span |
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Term
| developmental psychopathology |
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Definition
| the investigation of the origins, course, changes, and continuities in disordered or maladaptive behavior over a person's life span |
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Term
| undercontrolled (externalizing) disorders |
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Definition
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Term
| overcontrolled (internalizing) disorders |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the co-occurrence of two or more problem behaviors |
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Term
| pervasive developmental disorders |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a disorder characterized by a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which a young person violates the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms or rules |
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Term
| attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder |
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Definition
| a childhood disorder characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention and hyperactivity or impulsivity that far exceeds such behaviors observed in children at comparable levels of development |
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Term
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Definition
| often manifested in a depressed mood and loss of interest in familiar activities but also likely to be expressed as irritability and crankiness. |
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Term
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Definition
| a kind of behavior that results from the belief that one is helpless to control the events in one's world |
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Term
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Definition
| a disorder in which children's ability to communicate and interact socially is seriously impaired |
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