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| the discipline concerned with behavior and mental prcoesses and how they are effected by organisms physical and mental states, and external environment |
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| what is the diff from pseudoscience and psychology? |
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| pseudoscience is a fake science. quick fixes to problems like astronomy, and zodiacs |
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| examples of pseudoscience |
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| astrology and fotune telling |
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| specific character and personality traits of a person can be read from a person's skull, theory invented by Joseph Gall |
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Who was William Wundt and what were his contributions to psychology? |
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| trained in medicine and and philosophy, from Leipzig, Germany. promoted trained introspection, in which volunteers were taught to carefully observe, analyze, and describe their own sensations, mental images, and emotional reactions. |
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functionalism *BE ABLE 2 APPLY MISSING* |
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emphasized the function or purpose of behavior, as opposed to its analysis and description. ex: |
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| focuses on how bodily events affect behavior, feelings, and thoughts |
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concerned with how the environment and experience affect a person's (or nonhuman animal's) actions |
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| emphasizes what goes on in people's heads-how people reason, remember, understand language, solve problems, explain experiences, acquire moral standards, and form beliefs. |
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| sociocultural perspective |
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| focuses on social and cultural forces outside the individual, forces that shape every aspect of behavior, from how we kiss to what and where we eat |
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| psychodynamic perspective |
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| deals with unconscious dynamics within the individual, such as inner forces, conflicts, or instinctual energy. |
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| someone who does any kind of psychotherapy, not legally regulated, no training necessary |
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| practices one particular form of therapy, psychoanalysis. Must have advanced degree, get specialized training at psychoanalytic institute, and undergo extensive psychoanalysis oneself. |
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| a medical doctor who has done a three year residency in psychiatry under the supervision of more experienced physicians to learn to diagnose and treat mental disorders. |
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ability and willingness to asses claims and make objective judgements on basis of well supported reasons and evidence rather than emotion of anecdote guidelines: ►Ask Questions: Be willing to wonder define your terms examine the evidence anaylize assumpotions and baises aviod emotional reasoning dont oversimplify consider other interpetations tolerate uncertainity
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| statement that attempts to describe or explain a given behavior |
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| specify how phenomena in question are to be observed and measured |
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| principle of falsifiability |
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| does not mean hypothesis will be disproved, only that it could be if contrary evidence were to be discovered |
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| organized system of assumptions and principles that purports to explain certain phenomena and how they are related |
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| a group of participants that accuratly represents the larger population that the researcher is interested in |
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naturalistic observations |
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animal or people act in their normal social environments. |
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| they have more control, they can use sophisticated equipment, determine how many people will be observed at once, maintain a clear line of vision, and so forth |
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to develop uniform procedures for giving and scoring a test |
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| establish standards of performance |
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| it must measure what it is designed to measure |
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| must produce the same results from one time and place to the next |
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| a measure of how strongly two variables are related to eachother |
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| controlled test of hypothesis in which the researcher manipulates one variable to discover its effect on another |
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| statistics that organize and summarize research data |
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| statistical procedures that allow researchers to draw references about how statistically meaningful a study's results are |
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| combines and analyzes data from many studies, instead of assessing each study's results seperatly |
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| a study in which individuals of different ages are compared at a given time |
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| study in which individuals are followed and periodically ressessed over a period of time |
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