Term
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Definition
| Encoding -> Storage -> Retrieval |
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Term
| The Atkinson-Schiffrin three stage information processing model |
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Definition
| sequential process: sensory memory, short-term (rehearsal keeps it fresh short-term) , term memory long-term memory |
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Term
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Definition
| the immediate, very short recording of sensory information in the memory system |
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Term
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Definition
| active memory that holds a few things briefly |
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Term
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Definition
| the realtivly permanent and limitless store house of the memory system. includes knowledge skills and experiences |
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Term
| Modifications to the model |
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Definition
| Revision of short term memory:(external event, some unconscious processing goes straight to long term memory) -sensory input-> [Sensory Memory] -encoding-> [Working memory(short-term)] -from short term-encoding-goes to long term-> <-to short term-retrieving-from long term- [Long-term] |
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Term
| Automatic processing (3 thing) |
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Definition
1.Space- studying, not remembering something, yet you remember the spot on the page that the information was on
2.Time-Ability to retrace steps after the fact (finding where you left your coat)
3.Frequency- How many times you ran into someone on a given day |
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Term
| Effortful Processing (2 things) |
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Definition
Requires attention and effort to encode.
Rehearsal (maintenance or elaborate) |
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Term
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Definition
Visual: we easily remember concrete words that we can connect to images
Semantic: Automatic? |
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Term
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Definition
| we retain information better when we space it out over time (ie NOT CRAMMING) |
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Term
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Definition
| Tendency to recall 1st and last items best in a list |
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Term
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Definition
| last items sitll in working memory therefore recalled easily |
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Term
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Definition
| tendency to remember first items when shifting attention back to the list |
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Term
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Definition
| also called the isolation effect, predicts that an item that "stands out like a sore thumb" (called distinctive encoding) is more likely to be remembered than other items. ex. Highlighted item on list |
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Term
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Definition
| results in better recall htan just appearance or sound of words. -Meaningful material vs. Nonsense words --1/10x the time to learn |
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Term
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Definition
| using visual imagery to remember things |
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Term
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Definition
| memory aids, especially those that use vivid imagery and organization |
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Term
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Definition
Chunking-organizing item into a familiar, manageable unit
Hierarchies-use of acronyms, complex information broken down into brad concepts and further broken down into broad concepts |
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Term
| First Storage: Sensory Memory |
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Definition
| For an instant we see a snap shot, then it fades. |
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Term
| Types of first storage memory |
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Definition
-Iconic (visual): usually lasts less than one second
-Echoic: Sensory memory for quditory sitmuli, last 3-4 seconds even if attention is else where |
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Term
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Definition
| Iconic sensory memory, duration 0.5 seconds |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Second Storage: Working memory (short-term memory |
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Definition
Capacity: The magic number- about 1-7, 9ish
Slightly better recall for random digits than letter
Duration: 20 Seocnds |
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Term
| third storage: long-term memory |
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Definition
Differences from STM
Capacity: Vitually endless, but not perfect-most info we are not able to retrive; cues help retrieve it
Endurance:Peramstore=years/decades (remains with you virtually entire life) |
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Term
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Definition
Semantic-terrier rather than poodle
Acoustic-noodle rather than poodle |
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