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Definition
| Also referred to as instrumental conditioning. Learning controlled by the consequences of the behavior. |
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Term
| Thorndike's Law of Effect |
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Definition
| The law of effect principle developed by Edward Thorndike suggesting those responses that are closely followed by satisfaction will become firmly attached to the situation and therefore more likely to reoccur when the situation is repeated. Conversely, if the situation is followed by discomfort, the connections to the situation will become weaker and the behavior of response is less likely to occur when the situation is repeated. |
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Definition
| Founder of operant conditioning. experiment with pidgeons. |
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Definition
| The operant conditioning procedure in which reinforces guide behavior towards the desired target behavior through successive approximations |
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Definition
| anything event that strengthens the behavior it follows |
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Definition
| An innately reinforcing stimulus like food or drink |
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| Secondary (or conditioned) reinforcer |
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Definition
| a learned feinforcer that gets its reinforcing power through association with the primary reinforcer |
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Definition
| reinforcer that occurs instantly after a behavior rat gets pellet after it presses a bar |
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Definition
| a reinforcer that is delayed in time for a certain behavior (paycheck that comes at the end of the week.) |
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| Continuous reinforcement: |
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Definition
| rfs the desired response each time it occurs. (learn faster this way) |
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Term
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Definition
| Reinforces a response only part of the time. (results in slower acquisition, but greater resistance to extinction over time. |
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| Fixed Ratio (response) schedule |
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Definition
| reinforces a response only after a a specified number of responses. |
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Definition
| reinforces a response after and unpredictable number of responses. this is hard to extinguish because of the unpredictability. |
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| Interval (time based) Schedules |
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Definition
| Reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed. (Like cramming for an exam. Tend to respond close to the interval) |
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Term
| Varible-interval schedule |
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Definition
| reinforces a response at unpredictable time schedules produces slow results (pop quiz) |
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Definition
| Presenting a desirable stimulus ex a paycheck |
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Definition
| withdrawing an undesirable stimulus. (annoying sound) |
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Definition
| presenting and undesirable stimulus (spanking) |
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Definition
| withdrawing a positive stimulus (play time=time out) |
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Definition
| thoughts, perceptions, expectations |
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Definition
| learning that only become apparent when there is incentive to demonstrate it |
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Definition
| the desire to perform a behavior for its own sake efeect |
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Definition
| the desire to perform a behavior because it produces a desired result. |
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Definition
| (trained animals) go back to biological roots after being operantly conditioned. (ex pig pushing props with snout) |
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Definition
| Skinner's former accociates who studying animals by training them for circuses, etc. they saw the biological predisposition |
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Term
| Operant Conditioning, Teaching |
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Definition
| computer=closest thing to best teacher we could have in skinner's eyes. "Student must be told immediatly if they are right, and if so must then be lead to the next direction" |
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Definition
| rewarding employees for specific achievements to boost productivity |
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Definition
| reward kids when they are behaving well. and when behaving badly, explain why it's wrong and give them time out. |
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Term
| Punishment's Negative effects |
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Definition
| The only thing punishment does it teach how to avoid it. Teaches child fear (may begin to fear teacher). Physical punishment can make kids think aggressiveness is a way to deal with problems |
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Term
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Definition
| Located in frontal lobe, provide neural basis for observing and learning |
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Term
| Bandura's Bobo doll study |
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Definition
child sees man beating up doll.
child is more likey to beat up doll in the same way later |
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Definition
| opposite of pro-social effects. (abusing parent himself had abusing parents) |
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Definition
| positive, constructive/helpful behvaior |
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