Term
| Today's definition of psychology |
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Definition
| The scientific study of behavior (what we do) and mental processes (our inner thoughts and feelings) |
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Term
| Name three challenges of psychology |
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Definition
1. It is difficult to predict behaviors, and they are multiply determined
2.Psychological influences are often unknown and are also independent
3.It is difficult to define psychological concepts |
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Term
| Aristotle's role in the root's of psychology |
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Definition
(384-322 B.C.)
A naturalist and a philosopher.
Theorized about psychological concepts.
The soul and body are NOT separate and knowledge comes from experience.
Spiritualism.
Popular to be studied in the 1800's. |
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Term
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Definition
(1832-1920)
December 1879: Ball and telegraph key experiment. (Faster with ball, slower when asked)
This became known as the first psychological experiment.
From there he developed the first "official" psychology laboratory in Germany.
Therefore, launched psychology as an experimental science.
Studied 'atoms of the mind' in his experiment. Looking for the simplest mental process.
Introspection.
This was considered the first psychology experiment, |
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Term
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Definition
| Training people on how to describe what they are thinking. |
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Term
| Problem with introspection. |
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Definition
| It's very hard to confirm and find consistency between people's feelings. |
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Definition
| Wrote and important 1890's psychology textbook. |
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Definition
| Became the APA's first female president. Was denied her Ph. D at Harvard. |
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Term
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Definition
| Became the APA's first female president. Was denied her Ph. D at Harvard. |
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Term
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Definition
(1856-1939)
Believed that we were NOT in touch with our own feelings. Had to look at unconscious mind to understand.
Austrian Physician
Believed in dream Analysis.
He and his colleagues emphasized the importance of the unconscious mind and it's effects on human behavior.
Founded a type of therapy called Psychoanalysis. |
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Term
| When was psychological science *born*? |
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Definition
| With the first experiment by William Wundt in 1879. |
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Term
| When did Psychological science start to *develop*? |
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Definition
| In the 1920's when the behaviorists characterized the study of behavior as the as the subject matter of psychological science. |
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Term
| What did behaviorists believe? |
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Definition
psychology should be a subject of science.
Because science is rooted in observation,in order for psychology to be a science it must be emphasized by the study and observation of behavior. Behaviors can be measured and turned into data, while inner thoughts and feelings (introspection) cannot. |
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Term
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Definition
| WATSON and later SKINNER emphasized the study of overt behavior as the subject matter of science. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1960's. Emphasized the potential growth of healthy people. emp. the imp. of current environmental influences on our growth potential in the hopes hopes of fostering personal growth. |
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Term
| Cognitiunist (revolution) |
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Definition
| Mental processes and how we think. Cog. revolution: adopted the older original ideas of the importance of internal thoughts and feelings, but began to look at the scientific ways in which we perceive, remember, and process information. |
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Term
| Pioneers of Humanistic Psychology |
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Definition
| Maslow and Rogers emphasized current environmental influences on our growth potential and our need for love and acceptance. |
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Term
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Definition
| the sprawling network of everyday sources of information about human behavior. Ex. Dr. Phil, Oprah, Crap you read in Cosmo, blah, blah, blah... |
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Definition
| Set of claims that seems scientific but isn't. Ex. 3,500 self help books are published each year, and 95% are untested. Like John Gray's Men are from Mars and Women are from Venus. |
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Definition
| What people will tell to ignore statistics based off of one story. (girls stuck in car in marsh cell phone story.) |
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Term
| Psychological Associations & Societies. What do their membership numbers tell us? |
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Definition
| That Psychology is growing and Globalizing. |
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Term
| Name three of Psychological Assns. |
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Definition
American Psychological Ass. (APA): 160,000 members.
British Psychological Assn. 34,000 Members.
Association for Psychological Science: (Broke away from APA, felt as if we were getting away from the science side of psychology) 20,000 members. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gap between those who believe that thereapies should be based on what scientific data shows to be true and those who believe that it is more of an art and cannot be studied. Ex. Repressed memories. Can it happen or not? Sci: no, Pract: yes, because they've seen it once before. |
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Term
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Definition
| Psychology's oldest question. Debate over whether it is the environment or genes that make the psychological traits or not. Today, it is thought to be a little of both. |
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Term
| Psychology's Three Main Levels of Analysis |
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Definition
| Biological, psychological, and social-cultural. |
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Term
| Levels of Analysis: Biological |
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Definition
| Genetic predisposition, brain functions, hormone activity |
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Term
| Levels of Analysis: Psychological |
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Definition
| Learned fears, emotional responses |
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Term
| Levels of Analysis: Social-cultural |
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Definition
| Presence of of others, family/society expectations, peers and others influences |
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Term
| Biopsychosocial Approach (Levels of Analysis) |
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Definition
| Integrated approach that incorporates all three of the levels of Analysis. (Biological, Psychological, and Social-Cultural.) |
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Term
| What is the most important thing to remember about the three levels of Analysis? |
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Definition
| That like multiple 2D pictures of a 3D object, they are helpful, but alone are an incomplete view. |
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Term
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Definition
Relativly new field.
Attempts to explain psychological traits—such as memory, perception, or language—as adaptations, that is, as the functional products of natural selection or sexual selection. |
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