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Definition
| connects the spinal nerves to the brain; organizes some simple reflexes and rhythmic movements |
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| enlarged end of spinal cord containing the medulla, pons, and midbrain; organizes more complex reflexes than the spinal cord such as balance, breathing, and nourishment. |
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Definition
| "mail room" of the brain that relays sensory, motor, and arousal information |
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| provides ability to have rapid, well-timed movements |
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Definition
| allows the body to make slow, deliberate, well-coordinated movements |
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| border between the older and newer parts of the brain which includes the amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and pituitary gland. |
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| limbic structure involved in basic drives and emotions |
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| limbic structure involved in keeping track of spatial location |
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| limbic structure that helps regulate the internal environment of the body |
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Definition
| outermost part of the brain containing the occipital, temporal, parietal, and frontal loves. |
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| structure in the cerebral cortex that is involved with vision |
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| structure in the cerebral cortex that is involved with "what" |
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Definition
| structure in the cerebral cortex that is involved with "when" and hearing |
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| front-most part of the brain that is involved with decisions and choosing along with planning |
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Definition
| loss in linguistic ability |
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Term
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Definition
| relatively consistent patterns of thoughts, feelings, and actions that are exhibited across a range of situations |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency of people to project themselves onto a personality description |
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Term
| Why does the Barnum Effect happen? |
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Definition
| Confirmation bias, lack of specificity, dual presentation |
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Term
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Definition
| The significance of the situation in determining a person's behavior. |
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Definition
| trait theory that organizes people's behavior into five categories (Fiske): Openness- Non-openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism. |
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Definition
| Psychologist who developed a trait theory with 16 traits using factor analysis to condense 17,953 English adjectives into 16 basic personalities. |
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Term
| Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory |
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Definition
| Test that asks questions and groups participants according to how they answered the question, although the questions themselves might not relate to personality. |
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Term
| How do personalities adapt to familial situations? |
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Definition
| sibling contrast (emphasis of differences between siblings), split-parent identification, and influences of birth order. |
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Term
| How does personality adapt to life situations? |
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Definition
| family environment, gender and cultural roles |
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Term
| social-cognitive theories |
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Definition
| the influence of general beliefs about the natural world acquired through one's experiences on personality |
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| Psychologist who argued that people's behavior depends on their subjective beliefs about the relationship between response and reward. |
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| social-cognitive perspective |
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Definition
| the idea that personality is a result of the combination of environmental, behavioral, and cognitive belief factors. |
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Term
| Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs |
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Definition
| (Humanistic approach) physiological, safety, belongingness and love, esteem, self actualization |
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Definition
| a person's beliefs about how well he is able to perform certain tasks |
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| the power of positive thinking |
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Definition
| People with optimistic lifestyles tend to cope with life-stressors better than people with negative lifestyles. |
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Term
| Walter Mischel and Phillip Peake |
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Definition
| Assessed situation-specific personality traits in conscientiousness to conclude that some traits are not universal across manifestations, but appear in certain situations but not others. |
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Term
| Walter Mischel and Phillip Peake |
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Definition
| Assessed situation-specific personality traits in conscientiousness to conclude that some traits are not universal across manifestations, but appear in certain situations but not others. |
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Term
| collectivism-individualism |
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Definition
| Difference between Western and Far Eastern cultures in which the unit (harmony, face, and ren qing) or individual is emphasized |
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Term
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Definition
| a behavioral or psychological syndrome with present distress, involuntary action, and an internal source (mental structure, biological makeup, or learned habits). |
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Definition
| the overwhelming tendency for students to relate to the conditions and diseases they study |
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Definition
| The most recent edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for mental disorders |
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Term
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Definition
| extent to which different diagnosticians reach the same conclusion |
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Term
| Bio-Psycho-Social Perspective |
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Definition
| the idea that the cause of social disorders is a result of biological, psychological, and social stressors |
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Term
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Definition
| mental disorders are caused by biology and stress |
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Term
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Definition
behavior (withdrawl, lethargy)
affective (increased crying, irritableness, reactivity)
cognitive (thoughts and feelings of worthlessness, indecisiveness, suicidal thoughts)
physiological (loss of apetite, loss of libido, disturbed sleep)
anhedonia (loss of interest in hobbies and activities)
***Must have 5 manifestations of symptoms for 2 weeks or longer to be diagnosed*** |
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Term
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Definition
| between 7 and 15 percent of adults experience a short term form of depression at some point in life |
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Term
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Definition
| the experience of two challenges at once (usually depression lends to anxiety) |
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Definition
| Mood disorder in which the victim alternates between depression and mania |
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Definition
| Less severe version of Bipolarity in which the manic episodes are not as intense (hypomania) |
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Term
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Definition
| extent to which the categories of personality disorders identified in diagnostics are clinically meaningful |
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Definition
| most common disorder in Japan in which victims have an incapacitating fear of offending or harming other people (culture-bound syndrome) |
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Term
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Definition
| attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; can be categorized as predominantly inattentive or predominantly hyperactiveimpulsive types. |
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Term
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Definition
| Biological (serotonin presence in neuroreceptors as well as corozol increase), stress, cognitive (learned helplessness), and social and cultural (major events like marriage, change in job, loss of a loved one, etc.) |
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Term
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Definition
| Trio of types of negative thoughts that can contribute to mood disorders: internal, stable, and global. |
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Definition
| proteins which form in spaces of neuroreceptors that disrupt neural communication causing Alzheimer's disease |
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Term
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Definition
| Social Disorder characterized by excessive worry about several things at once, fatigue and tensed muscles, and strong, persistent anxiety. |
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Definition
| error in meiosis resulting in extra chromosome 21 |
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Term
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Definition
| proteins which form in spaces of neuroreceptors that disrupt neural communication causing Alzheimer's disease |
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Term
| Causes of Mental Disorders (Categories) |
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Definition
Predisposing (occur during birth, genetic, FAS, etc.)
Precipitating (immediate events such as loss of a loved one that bring on the disorder)
Perpetuating (consequences of a disorder such as attention or a lack of friends that help perpetuate maladaptive behavior) |
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Term
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Definition
| automatic attention paid to a perceived threat, considered a predisposing cause to General Anxiety Disorder |
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Definition
| A social disorder defined by the constant fear of having a panic attack; can lead to agoraphobia |
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