Term
|
Definition
emphasizes the physical structure of the stimulus(or word) (shallow processing)
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| emphasizes what the word sounds like (intermediate Processing) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| emphasizes the meaning of verbal input (Deep processing) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| registers that save info until processed furhter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
really brief visual images (snapshots)
type of sensory register
(vs. Echoic) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| really brief auditory memory (vs. iconic) part of the sensory registers which come before STM |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 7 (+/-)2 pieces of memory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 7 (+/-)2 pieces of memory |
|
|
Term
| sensory memory-->STM-->LTM |
|
Definition
| retrieval takes from LTM and puts into STM |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| repeating of info over a short period of time to keept it in STM(do this in the phonological loop) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (bottom left) allows ppl to retain visual images |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| controls the deployment of attention (top right, VS and PL feed into it) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| integrates other three compoartments (although only central exec feeds into it) and acts as interface bw STM and LTM |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cause us to remember things quicker but also to forget them quicker. Something you think of and then everything you associate with it connected in a network. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| organized cluster of knowledge. People remember things that are consistent with their schemes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1st items in a list remembered |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| last items in a list are the first thing recalled, followed by the first |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| come up with idea yourself in retrieval |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hints to help you recall info |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| influence of environmental factors on one's perception of a stimulus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ppl able to better remember an event if they in the state they were in when the event (also there is mood congruent memory) |
|
|
Term
| envirionmental reinstatement effect |
|
Definition
| memory better recalled when environment similar to that when the memory happened |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| guessing where the origin of a memory came from (error if you recall the wrong origin) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Decay is losing the mental representation of a stimulus, interference is when it is interfered with bc of new info |
|
|
Term
| proactive vs. retroactive interference |
|
Definition
pro - prior info interferes with new info
retro - new info interferes with prior |
|
|
Term
| retrograde vs. anterograde amnesia |
|
Definition
retro - loss of memory of a period before injusry
antero - cant make new memories |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| recalling of facts (explicit memory so its a conscious memory) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
memory of concept based knowledge (LTM)
(vs. Episodic) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Type of LTM
Part of declarative memory (vs. procedural which is implicit)
memory of certain events, situations, and experiences (explicit) --
retrospective and propspective are types |
|
|
Term
| Prospective vs. restrospective memory |
|
Definition
Retro - remembering something from past
propsective - remembering something you have to do in the future |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| measured visual acuity, rxn time, muscle strength, head size. (Eugenics) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| test to identify kids who need assistance ( measured things you learned in school. Only wanted to help find kids who needed extra help. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Intelligence quotient (mental age/chronological Age) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Verbal, Performance and IQs (know both) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to reliability of psychological tests. Takes into account things like Test-rest consistency (take test and take it again and get same score) and internal consistency (if answer a few questions a certain way, should answer all related questions tht way) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
refers to validity of psychological test.
Predictive - how well does test predict future performance
external - whats relationship bw test and some other outside thing, like GPA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How much your development and intelligence is affected by your environment (vs. heritability estimates) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Heritability estimates much higher for intelligence
but had bad samples and didnt account for role of socieconomic status |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| barely covered verbal.academic skills/only had small differences/not just affected by genes/ppl and societies change |
|
|
Term
| between group variation does not equal within group variation |
|
Definition
| Separate environments between groups affect intelligence (bw ethnicities) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| examining factor analyses of the correlations bw scores on tests of mental abilities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| intelligence tests measure "g" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| factor analysis - intelligence can be broken down int specific factors |
|
|
Term
| crystallized vs. fluid intelligence |
|
Definition
crystallized - intelligence from what youve already learned
Fluid - solve new problems (get worse as you get old) |
|
|
Term
| Stenberg's Triarchical theory of intelligence |
|
Definition
| analytical, creative, and practical are three things that make it up |
|
|
Term
| Gardner's multiple intelligence theory |
|
Definition
| linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, body-kinesthetic, and personal |
|
|
Term
| componential intelligence |
|
Definition
| ability to think abstractly, break up task into smaller parts (Sternbergs) |
|
|
Term
| Experiential intelligence |
|
Definition
| ability to apply experience to formulate new ideas, deal with novel tasks (Sternberg) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ability to adapt to a changing environment, shape the world to your need (Sternberg) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Understand intelligence by examining the mental operations involved in intelligent behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| estimating the probability of an even based on how easy relevant events come to mind (estimating how much a plane crash happens) |
|
|
Term
| overestimating the improbable |
|
Definition
| overestimating how much a plane crash happens |
|
|
Term
| Representativeness heuristic |
|
Definition
| estimating the probability of an event basedon how similar it is to the typical prototype. (using stereotypes) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| odds of two uncertain events happening are greater than the odds of either event alone (not true) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| odds of a chance event increase even if the event hasnt occured yet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (Freud) - diff parts of body take prominence during development |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
can get fixated on one stage (freud)
stages - oral, anal, phallic, latency (sexually repressed), genital |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (Freud) if parents arent strict about toilet training |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| girl desires father, girls superego not as well developed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| if really want something, it is transformed into something you hate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| take unpleasant things about yourself and put them on someone else (defense mechanism) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| E to do something innapropriate but mind convinces you to do something else (defense mechanism) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| taking out frustration on others (defense mechanism) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bolstering self esteem by formng an imaginary alliance with some person or group |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inkblot test to analyze the unconscious |
|
|
Term
| Thematic Apperception test |
|
Definition
| see a picture and ask how you interpret it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inferiority Complex, striving for superiority, guiding fictions (family convinces you that you are special), role of birth order |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| personal vs. collective unconsciousness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
unconsciousness thats unique to each individual
(vs. collective) |
|
|
Term
| collective unconsciousness |
|
Definition
| eg. archetypes - an emotionally charged image that has some kind of universal meaning. Has to be brought to the consciousness. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
systematized study and theory of the psychological forces that underlie human behavior (personality), emphasizing the interplay between unconscious and conscious motivation
difficult to test empirically, sexist, and baased on a limited # of case studies BUT it took a developmental approach, started ppl thinking about unconscious |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
assessment of a person's character or personality from their outer appearance
personality types ecto,meso,endomorphs (ectos smart, mesos athletic, endos fat and nice) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| traits are stable across personalities but ppl differ in how much they have of these traits |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| emotional stability, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeable, conscientousness |
|
|
Term
| Problems with trait theory |
|
Definition
| consistency of behavior not always high/better job of describing behavior than why ppl behave the way they do/certain situations seem to pull for certain behaviors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| understanding bw traits and behaviors is incomplete |
|
|
Term
| cognitive behavior/social cognitive approach |
|
Definition
| behaviors are forgetting about relationship bw behavior and cognition,have to look at interpretations of behing reinforced |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| beleif that you have ability to perform certain behaviors and those behaviors should lead to a specific outcome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a persons belief about what controls the good and bad things in life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mischel person-situation theory |
|
Definition
| have to observe behavior in the situation. Ppl wont show consistencies in different situations, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Humanistic approach to personality - ppl can choose how they grow and reach their potential |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| child wont use anger bc parents scolded her for being angry and so knows it wont bring her affectin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ability to reach ones potential as determined by the individual |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| look up his stupid theory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
