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Psyc 100 Final
Fall 2009
31
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
12/13/2009

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Term
Consciousness
Definition
of both external stimuli and your own mental activity
Term
Conscious Level
Definition
consciousness holds the thoughts and mental processes that you are aware of from moment to moment
Term
Nonconscious Level
Definition
activity includes physiological processes that you are not conscious of. Training in techniques such as biofeedback can make you conscious of them indirectly.
Term
Preconscious Level
Definition
Activity stores sensations, memories, inferences, and assumptions that are not at the conscious level but that can be easily brought into consciousness
Term
Unconscious/Subconscious level
Definition
includes mental processes that are important but normally inaccessible
Term
Slow-wave sleep
Definition
term for stages 3 and 4 of sleep, which are accompanied by slow, deep breathing; a clam, regular heartbeat, and reduced blood pressure
Term
Stage 1 of Sleep
Definition
the first true sleep stage, shows irregular waves called theta waves. The eyes
also begin to roll lazily.
Term
Stage 2 of Sleep
Definition
the EEG shows sleep spindles(rapid bursts of high frequency waves) and K-complexes (waves with high peaks and deep valleys).
Term
Stage 3 of Sleep
Definition
• Stage 1, the first true
sleep stage, shows
irregular waves called
Stage 3 EEG shows high amplitude, low frequency delta waves(0.5 to 0.3 cps)
Term
Stage 4 of Sleep
Definition
(waves with high peaks
and deep valleys).
the EEG shows over 50% delta waves. If awakened in this stage, you are groggy and confused.
Term
REM Sleep
Definition
characterized by EEg and physiological measures (heart rate, respiration, blood pressure) that are similar to hose that occur when the person is awake. During REM sleep, the eyes move rapidly back and forth, and muscle tone decreases to the point of near-paralysis
Term
Insomnia
Definition
inability to fall or stay asleep. People with insomnia report feeling tired during the day
Term
Narcolepsy
Definition
Disorder in which people fall directly into REM sleep from an active, waking state. They experience all the physiological changes that occur during REM sleep, including reduced muscle tone
Term
Sleep Apnea
Definition
disorder in which people stop breathing momentarily while sleeping, up to hundreds of times per night. Apnea episodes wake the sleepers, and thus people suffering from this disorder feel unrested in the morning and tired throughout the day
Term
SIDS
Definition
a sleeping baby stop breathing but does not awaken and therefore suffocates
Term
Nightmares
Definition
frightening dreams that occur during REM sleep
Term
Night Terrors
Definition
occurs during stage 4 sleep, are frightening dreams that bring on intense fear after waking. These fearful episodes may last for as long as half an hour
Term
REM Behavior Disorder
Definition
occurs during REM sleep. The normal paralysis that accompanies REM sleep is absent, thus allowing a person to act out dreams. This can be especially dangerous when the dreams are of violent nature
Term
Circadian Rhythms
Definition
Terms of the normal sleep-waking cycle that occurs during a 24 hour period. These cycles are governed by an internal biological clock
Term
Lucid dreaming
Definition
knowing during a dream that you are dreaming
Term
Role Theory
Definition
people only play the "role" of being hypnotized, which includes complying with the hypnotist's directions
Term
State Theory
Definition
hypnosis is a pecial altered state of consciousness. Supports of the state theory belive that real, significant changes in basic mental processes take place during hypnosis
Term
Dissociation Theory
Definition
A blend of role and state theory. It contends that hypnosis is a slitting of the central control of thought processes and behavior. the hypnotized person agrees to give some of the control to the hypnotist.
Term
Psychoactive drugs
Definition
Bring about psychological changes by affecting the physiological functioning of the brain
Term
Agonists
Definition
Drugs that mimic the effect of a particular neurotransmitter by binding to its receptors
Term
Antagonists
Definition
Prevent neurotransmitters from having an effect by blocking receptors' ability to accept specific neurotransmitters
Term
Mental Processing Without Awareness
Definition
Research on priming indicates that man important mental operations, such as learning, can occur without awareness
Term
Neuropsychology of Consciousness
Definition
Brain damage can impair consciousness. Documented cases include prosopagnosia and anterograde amnesia.
Term
Applications of Hypnosis
Definition
Hypnosis has been used to decrease pain from surgery, childbirth, headaches, and cancer. More controversially, it has been used in attempts to enhance memory.
Term
Intelligence
Definition
According to Sternberg's working dfintion, is the combination of three characteristics: the possession of knowledge, the ability to use information processing to reason about the world, and the ability to use information processing to reason about the world, and the ability to employ that reasoning adaptively in different environments
Term
Stanford-Binet
Definition
Test was revised version of Binet's original test of cognitive abilities. Each set of age0graded questions could be answered correctly by a substantial majority of the children in that age group.
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