Term
|
Definition
belief that study is based on observable behavior, not the mind, and that behavior should be understood in terms of its relationship to observable events in the environment, rather than hypothetical (stimulus and response) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
automatic response to a stimuls (specific) ex: startle reflex, tap nerve in knee and it kicks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when an unlearned reflexive response diminishes with repeated presentation of the stimulus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
learning experience when a neutral stimulus (conditioned stimulus) comes to elicit a reflexive response though its being paired with another stimulus (unconditioned stimulus) that already elecits that reflexive repsonse -->Pavlov dogs with bell and meat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
when an unlearned reflexive response diminishess with repeated presentation of the stimulus -->simplest form of learning, "change in your behavior as a response/experience with your environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| original, unlearned association |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| new association to stimulus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| repeated presentation of unconditioned stimulus and conditioned stimulus nearly simultaneously |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when a conditioned stimulus is presented without unconditioned stimulus, the conditioned response diminishes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when a conditioned response returns due to mere passage of time or recurrence of unconditioned stimulus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| after conditioning, animals would show the conditioned response to stimuli that resembled that stimulus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
generalization between two stimuli can be abolished if the response to one is reinforced while the response to the other is extinguished |
|
|
Term
| Classical Conditioning Stimulus Stimulus Association |
|
Definition
| animal learns association between both stimuli, does not learn direct response to stimuli response |
|
|
Term
| Fear conditioning, two unconditioned stimuli for fear in infants |
|
Definition
| emotion of fear can be conditioned in human beings, loud noises and sudden loss of support |
|
|
Term
| conditioned drug response |
|
Definition
direct effect followed by a compensatory reaction that counteracts the direct effect and tends to restore the normal bodily state Feel opposite of what drug does in its absence (withdrawal/comedown) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| decline in physiological and behavioral effects taht occur with some drugs when they are taken repeatedly |
|
|
Term
| conditioned reactions as causes of drug relapse after withdrawel |
|
Definition
conditioned stimulus elicits a response that is opposite to the drug response. Conditioned compensatory reactions contribute to drug tolerance and drug relapse. Absence of conditioned stimuli, overdose can occur ask tracey |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| training or learning process by which consequence of behavioral response affects the future rate of production of that response |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| operate on world to produce some effect (bring change in the environment) |
|
|
Term
| Thorndike's Law of Effect |
|
Definition
responses that produce a satisfying effect in a situation become more likely in that situation, responses taht produce an unsatisfying effect become less likely (cats in box, after many successful exits continue to press lever more rapidly to access food) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
incremental reinforcement of behaviors that increasingly approximate target behavior (you're getting warmer) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| every operant response is reinforced |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| only some operant responses are reinforced |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reinforcer that occurs after every nth response |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fixed ratio schedule except that teh number of responses required before reinforcement varies unpredictable around some average |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fixed period of time must elapse between one reinforced response and the next |
|
|
Term
| variable interval response |
|
Definition
| fixed interval schedule except taht the period must elapse before a response will be reinforced varies unpredictable around some average |
|
|
Term
| partial reinforcement extinction |
|
Definition
| extinction occurs mroe slowly after partial reinforcement than after continuous reinforcement (Vegas slot machines) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| arrival of some stimuls following a response makes the response more likely to occur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the food that occurs when the arrival of some stimulus following a response makes the response more likely to recur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the removal of some stimulus following a response makes the response more likely to occur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stimulus removed that follows a response that will now be more likely to occur (electric shocks, loud noises, unpleasant company...) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| process which the consequence of a response decreases likelihood that response will occur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| arrival of a stimulus, such as electric shock, decreases likelihood that the response will occur again |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| removal of a stimulus, such as taking food away from hungry person, which decreases likelihood that that the response will occur again |
|
|
Term
| discrimination training, ex, essence? |
|
Definition
operant response can be brought under control of a more specific stimulus than the entire inside of skinner box (respond to tone by pressing lever) essence:reinforce the animal's response when a specific stimulus is present and to extinguish the response when the object is not |
|
|
Term
| means ends relationship, ex |
|
Definition
animal's knowledge or belief that a particular response, in a particular situation, will have a particular effect ex: knowledge that lever press will now bring a certain kind of food, decision to press lever or not, depending on whether the food is desired (stimulus-response_ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| animal learns to expect a certain kind of reward for making a certain kind of response |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| shift from strong to weak reinforcer show a sharp drop in their response rate, to a slower rate than that of the rats that had been in the weak reinforcer position all along |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| shifting from weak to a strong reinforcer show an increase in their response rate, to a higher rate than that of the rats who had been in the strong-reinforcer condition all along |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| learniny by watching others |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increase in attractiveness of the object that the observed individual is acting upon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
increased drive to obtain rewards similar to what the observed individual is receiving kitten sees mom push lever for food (stimulus enhancement) and then sees pellets come out (goal enhancement) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| instances in which the observer reproduces the specific actions of the observed individual |
|
|
Term
| why people observationally learn/ what they learn |
|
Definition
people actively observe the behavior of other people to gain knowledge about the kinds of things that people do in particular situations |
|
|
Term
| how can we predict the form of the controlled response? |
|
Definition
| CR (conditioned response) is allowing the organism to prepare for the UCS (unconditioned stimulus)-->expectancy effect |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
optimal delay between the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli (feeling sick long after tasting food) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| body naturally craves what's lacking (with exception of sugar laced foods) |
|
|
