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Definition
| If instances of something come readily to mind we presume it to be commonplace (why you might think there are more iraqis than tanzanians) |
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Definition
| perception of a relationship that does not exist or perception of a stronger relationship than exists (like perceiving flying as more dangerous than driving) |
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| perception of uncontrollable events as subject to one's control (like gambling) |
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Term
| REGRESSION TOWARD THE AVERAGE |
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Definition
| the tendency for extreme scores or extreme behavior to return to one's average scores/ behavior |
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Definition
| a belief that leads to its own fulfillment |
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Definition
| social expectaions lead them to behave in ways that that cause others to confirm their expectations |
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Definition
| tendency to search for information that supports your position or confirms your beliefs |
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Term
| OVERCONFIDENCE PHENOMENON |
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Definition
| overestimating the accuracy of one's beliefs, often more sure of ourselves than correct |
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Term
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Definition
| attributing emotions to a picture based on the pictures surrounding it, preconceptions control interpretations |
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Term
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Definition
| defense mechanism/life-preserving function that encompases one's blind sight, emotional reactions, schemas, implicit memory and expertise |
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Definition
| recalling past events more favorably than they actually were. this happens because we construct memories at the time of withdrawl. |
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Term
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Definition
| thought control through requests/expectations to act or participate. thoughts adjust to justify actions, especially when given a choice in the action--in order to reduce guilt.(why Heil Hitler was used as a greeting throughout Germany) |
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Term
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Definition
| a belief or feeling that can predispose our response to something or someone |
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Term
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Definition
| a set of norms that describe how someone in a certan social position ought to behave |
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Term
| FOOT IN THE DOOR PHENOMENON |
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Definition
| people will be more likely to comply with a large request after first agreeing to and completing a smaller one (called start-small-and-build-phenomenon refering to brainwashing tactics) |
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Term
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Definition
| after agreeing to an initial request, people will often still comply when the request is changed into someting greater, but they are less likely to comply if they hear the more costly request upfront. |
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Term
| COGNITIVE DISSONANCE THEORY |
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Definition
| tension that arises from awareness that we are acting inconsistently with our beliefs. |
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Term
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Definition
| when we are unsure of our attitudes we infer them from our own actions like an outside observer. |
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Term
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Definition
| tendency of mildly depressed people to make accurate rather than self-serving judgments, attributions and predictions |
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Term
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Definition
| a habitual way of explaining life events. explaining a failure as lasting (stable), ruining (global), or self-caused (internal)is a depressive style. |
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Term
| SELF-CONFIRMING DIAGNOSIS |
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Definition
| asking questions that assume the preconceptions in order to confirm a diagnosis |
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Term
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Definition
| inferior even to unreliable statistical prediction, and possibly unethical |
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