violent characters on TV

(both ordinary humans and cartoons)

Attractive models (hotties)

Models similar to themselves

Inhibited

Faked

Quickly and accurately detecting the emotions of others

Quickly and accurately distinguishing between your own emotions

Being able to inhibit appropriately your emotional displays

First burial of dead

First art

First musical instrument

First jewelry

First bone

First boats

...about this time

1. Spontaneous vocalization
2. Imitation and reinforcement of vocalizations
3. Shaping first words
4. Reinforcement for correct word use (vocab building)
5. Imitation and reinforcement of sequences of utterances (grammar)

Axons wrapped up in myelin sheaths

It speeds up action potentials by ten times or greater

1. Imitation and reinforcement of symbol identification and production
2. Imitation and reinforcement of word identification and production
3. Repetition, repetition, repetition

Recognition memory

Recall memory

(1st time to learn) - (2nd time to learn)

1st time to learn

• Exciting stories lead to attention
• False statements are rarely punished
• Imagining can lead to neuroplasticity

• Decrease in spontaneous interal language
• Decrease in responsiveness to other external stimuli
• Decrease in sense of time passing

Constant sensory input:

• Hypnotist's voice
• Watching TV
• Reading
• Playing videogames
• Internet
• Music
• Exercise/dancing
• Driving

Some attention-seeking volunteers

Social pressure to conform

Generally does not produce a legitimate hypnotic state

Later on having thoughts or carrying out acts that were suggested during the hypnotic state

Effectiveness is limited

Discovered some sort of hypnosis.

Called it "animal magnetism"

It was later called Mesmerism

Thoughts on hypnotization?

Hint: women and lying

• Some people thought only women could be hypnotized
• Some people thought people could not lie when hypnotized

He's an American physician and skull collector.

He measured cranial capacity of different "races"

In Morton's experiments, which race had the highest cranial capacity?

Which had the lowest?

Highest cranial capacity: German and English

Lowest cranial capacity: Negro skulls

• Morton threw out skulls that didn't fit his desired outcome
• Unequal proportions of female skulls in racial samples

That each person has an inherited, specific amount of intelligence.

That across deep time, more intelligent humans survived

• Predict life success
• Predict happiness

• Increased heart rate, breathing rate, sweating
• Anxiety
• Increased release of epinephrine/adrenalin and norepinephrine/noradrenalin and cortisol
• Increased glucose and fatty acids in blood

• Insomnia
• Increased likelihood of stomach ulcers
• Increased likelihood of weight gain
• More frequent and longer-lasting colds
• Damage to neurons in the hippocampus
• Damage to neurons in the prefrontal cortex
• Cushing's syndrome
• Increased likelihood of depression
• Increased likelihood of heart disease

Plump round face

Upper-body obesity

Facial hair growth in women

• yields higher levels of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol

• yeilds worrying

• Use a deep-breathing technique
• Use a muscle-relaxation technique
• Listen to or play music
• Get daily physical exercise
• Take on fewer tasks
• Get more sleep
• Believe in something