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PSY100 - Ch 16 Flashcards
University Of Kentucky PSY100-32 Cards
42
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
12/15/2011

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Term
Social comparison
Definition
When evaluation our own perceptions, opinions, values, abilities, etc…we use other people as a basis of comparison
Term
Social Perception
Definition
Process through which people interoperate information about others, draw inferences and bout, and develop mental representations of them


Influences whether you see a person as hostile, friendly, repugnant, likable, or possibly lovable
Ex: First impressions
Term
Attribution theory
Definition
People are motivated to discover the underlying causes of behavior in an effort to make sense of behavior
Attribution: The process people go thorough to explain the causes of behavior, including their own.
Term
Internal attribution
Definition
Internal attribution: are causes that reflect characteristics of the person, personality traits, intelligence, attitudes, and health
Term
External attributions
Definition
are causes that arise not from the person, but from the situation, social pressure aspects of social situations, money, weather, and luck
Term
Stable/unstable causes
Definition
Refers to weather an internal or external cause is relatively enduring and permanent or whether it is temporary and likely to change.
Term
Actor-Observer Bias
Definition
Attribute other people’s behavior to internal causes but attribute their own behavior to external factors, especially when the behavior is inappropriate or involves failure.
Term
Self-serving bias
Definition
Attributing explanations for one’s successes to internal factors and explanations for one’s failures to external factors
Term
Occurs because
Definition
People are motivated not to think about negative information
To attribute failure to an internal characteristics is likely to be threatening to the self-esteem
Term
Attraction
Definition
Proximity
Close to them, “Residence Hall” etc
Mere exposure
Just the exposure to people is enough to like them
Similarity
Reciprocity of liking effect
Physical attractiveness
Term
Aggression
Definition
Intentional injury or harm to another person
Term
Catharsis
Definition
Process of discharging built up aggressive energy
Term
Frustration-aggression approaches
Frustration
Definition
The thwarting or blocking of some ongoing, goal-directed behavior
Term
Observational learning approaches
Definition
Effects of modeling
Behave aggressively because we’ve learned to behave aggressively
Term
Diffusion of responsibility
Definition
Tendency for people to feel that responsibility for acting is shared, or diffused among those present
Term
Altruism
Definition
Helping behavior that is beneficial to others but clearly requires self-sacrifice
Term
Acrophobia
Agoraphobia
Definition
Fear of Heights, Public Spaces
Term
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Definition
Persistent uncontrollable urge to engage in senseless rituals
Term
Dissociative Disorders
Definition
Loss of one’s sense of identity, via loss of memory or consciousness
Term
Dissociative amnesia
Definition
Sudden loss of memory of identity or personal incident
Often associated with a a traumatic event
Term
Dissociative fugue
Definition
Amnesia for identity and entire life
Take on a new life
Memory loss is selective. Can remember matters unrelated to identity
Example: Can remember driving – but not name
Term
Mood Disorders
Definition
Disturbances in emotional feelings strong enough to interude on everyday life
Term
Old Fashioned "Cure"
Trephining
Definition
Chizzes a hole into a skull, to “Release the evil spirit"
Term
Types of Therapy
Biomedical
Definition
Drugs
ECT
Psychosurgery
Term
Types of Therapy
Psychological
Definition
Trained psych doctors use to help define the problem, and overcome the difficulties with the problem, so the clients life is better
Term
Approaches to Psychotherapy:
Psychodynamic therapies
Definition
Stress the importance of the unconscious mind, extensive interpretation by the therapist, and the role of experiences in early childhood
Term
Approaches to Psychotherapy:
Psychodynamic therapies
Definition
Freud’s therapeutic technique for analyzing and individual’s unconscious thought
Term
Freud’s Psychoanalysis
Techniques:
Free association
Definition
Freely speaking about whatever comes to mind, lowers “defenses” so unconscious things begin to slip out
Term
Behavioral Therapy
Definition
Disorders due to learning maladaptive behavior
Term
Behavioral Therapy
Can Happen through:
Definition
Classical Condition - paring of stimuli
Term
Behavioral Therapy
Can Happen through:
Definition
Operant conditioning - client is being reinforced for problem behavior
Term
Systematic desensitization
Definition
Client builds anxiety hierarchy
Train client in deep relaxation

Client works through hierarchy in imagination
From 1-10, starts with 1 on the anxiety hierarchy
Term
Aversive Conditioning
Definition
Repeatedly pair the undesirable behavior with aversive stimuli to decrease the behavior’s rewards
Term
Behavioral Therapy: Using Operant Conditioning
Behavior modification
Definition
Desired behavior reinforced
Undesired behavior NOT reinforced
Term
Behavioral Therapy: Using Operant Conditioning
Token economy
Definition
Behavior are reinforced with tokens that later can be exchanged for desired rewards
Term
Cognitive approaches to Therapy:
Disorders (anxiety, depression, negative emotions) due to:
Definition
Maladaptive through processes
Irrational assumptions and beliefs
Negative, self-defeating thinking about self
Term
Cognitive approaches to Therapy:
Definition
Help client restructure belief system into a more realistic, rational and logical set of views
This changes feelings and behaviors
Term
Humanistic Therapies
Definition
Person centered therapies enabled people to reach their potential for self-actuation
Unconditional
Term
Biomedical Therapy
Definition
Therapy that focuses on brain chemistry and other neurological factors
Term
Biomedical Therapy:
Drug therapy
Definition
Control of psych disorders through drugs
Term
Biomedical Therapy:
Electroconvulsive therapy
Definition
Shock therapy
In which an electric can briefly administered to an patients head causing a loss of consciousness and often seizures
Term
Biomedical Therapy:
Psychosurgery
Definition
Brain surgery to reduce symptoms of mental disorder by surgically destroying or removing parts of the brain thought to control emotionality.
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