Term
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Definition
| Process of detecting physical energies with sensory organs |
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Term
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Definition
| Mental process of organizing sensations into meaningful patterns |
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Term
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Definition
Vision (sight)
Audition (hearing)
Somatosensation (touch)
Olfaction (smell)
Gustation ("taste")
Kinesthesis (body awareness)
Vestibular sense (balance) |
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Term
What it is that we senses?
Vision (sight) |
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Definition
Light waves
The most developed sense in humans |
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Term
What it is that we senses?
Audition (hearing) |
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Definition
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Term
What it is that we senses?
Somatosensation (touch) |
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Definition
Deformation
temperature
pain of skin |
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Term
What it is that we senses?
Olfaction (smell) |
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Definition
| Chemicals in the air we breathe |
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Term
What it is that we senses?
Gustation ("taste") |
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Definition
| Chemicals in the food we eat |
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Term
| From senses, information travels to ________? |
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Definition
| primary sensory cortices (via thalamus) |
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Term
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Definition
| Sensory receptors translate the physical properties of stimuli into patterns of neural impulses |
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Term
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Definition
| a process by which sensory receptors produce neural impulses when they receive physical or chemical stimulation |
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Term
Sensory coding:
The brain needs ______ and _______ about a stimulus. |
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Definition
| Qualitative and quantitative information. |
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Term
| Doctrine of specific nerve energies: Quality |
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Definition
Different receptors are activated by different types of stimuli
(vision: different colors, smell: different chemicals in the air, hearing: different sound frequencies) |
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Term
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Definition
| Different intensities are coding by different firing rate (vision: brightness, smell: concentration, hearing: sound amplitude/loudness) |
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Term
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Definition
| Measures relationship between stimuli and sensation and perception evoked by these stimuli |
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Term
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Definition
Smallest amount of stimulus energy that can be detected (faintest detectable stimulus).
Example: The absolute threshold for hearing is the faintest sound a person can detect 50 percent of the -me |
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Term
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Definition
the minimum amount of change required for a person to detect a difference
(i.e., the "just noticeable difference") |
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Term
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Definition
| states that the just noticeable difference between two stimuli is based on a proportion of the original stimulus rather than on a fixed amount of difference |
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Term
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Definition
sensory systems decrease response to a constant stimulus
Example:
- ignore constant noise
- adjust to bright light
- stop smelling scents |
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Term
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Definition
respond at low levels of illumination
night vision
mostly on outer edges of the retina |
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Term
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Definition
less sensitive to low light
responsible for seeing both color and detail
found throughout the retina but concentrated at the fovea |
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Term
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Definition
| Area in the center of the retina with high density of cones, and overlying cell layers pulled aside, to provide high resolution image of the central part of the visual scene |
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Term
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Definition
| Area of retina in which the ganglion cell axons depart the eye along the optic nerve, crowding out any photoreceptors |
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Term
Color vision
An object appears to be a par-cular color because of ______? |
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Definition
| the wavelengths of light it reflects |
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Term
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Definition
| activity in three different types of cones that are sensitive to different wavelengths |
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Term
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Definition
| Different types of ganglion cells, working in opposing pairs, create the perception that R/G, B/Y are opposites |
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Term
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Definition
| When signal is ambiguous, its detection depends on sensory processes and judgment of evidence for and against |
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Term
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Definition
| When signal is ambiguous, its detection depends on sensory processes and judgment of evidence for and against |
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Term
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Definition
| spot of light or dark spot |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
What vs Where
Temporal Lobe lesion |
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Definition
Leads to problems with Object Discrimination
Match-to-sample (food found under object matching sample object). WHAT |
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Term
What vs Where
Parietal Lobe lesion |
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Definition
leads to problems with Landmark discrimination
food found under food well closest to landmark. WHERE |
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Term
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Definition
Can see but can't recognize what they see
Sometimes limited to one or two categories (cannot recognize animals, or tools, or faces) |
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Term
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Definition
People cannot differentiate whom a face belongs
Damage to fusiform cortex within inferior temporal cortex (due to injury or innate) |
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Term
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Definition
Object Processing:
-Size
-Color
-Texture
-Shape
-Pictorial detail |
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Term
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Definition
Spatial Processing:
-Location
-Movement
-Spatial tranformations
-Spatial Realaiton |
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Term
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Definition
-Need to reconstruct 3D world from 2D retinal images
-Interplay between bottom-up (sensory) and top-down (knowledge and expectation) processes |
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Term
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Definition
| Tendency to perceive an object as remaining stable and unchanging despite any changes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Involving recognizing an objects actual size remains the same, even though the image it casts on each retina changes. |
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Term
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Definition
The perceived shape of an object is the same regardless of the viewing angle
(take into account viewing angle to determine perceived shape) |
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Term
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Definition
| We take shadows into account |
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Term
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Definition
| Need to reconstruct 3D mental model of environment from 2D retinal image |
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Term
| Two classes of depth cues |
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Definition
Binocular (require both eyes)
Monocular (pictorial, work with just one eye) |
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Term
| Binocular cues: Binocular disparity |
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Definition
-Since eyes are in different positions, they get slightly different view of the world
-Brain interprets the disparity (differences) as depth |
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Term
| Binocular cues: Oculomotor cue |
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Definition
| Information about position based on the orientation of the eyes |
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Term
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Definition
-Pictorial
-Movement produced
-Motion parallax |
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Term
Monocular cues:
-Pictorial |
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Definition
| Position cues that can be deduced from a 2 dimensional image |
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Term
Monocular cues:
-Movement produced |
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Definition
| information about position that can be deduced from observing the relative motion of objects. |
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Term
Monocular cues:
-Motion parallax |
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Definition
The relative motion of elements in a display specifies depth and structure.
-one of the most important cues for depth perception. |
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Term
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Definition
| Depth cues that can be deduced from a 2D image |
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Term
| Pictorial cues: Linear perspective |
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Definition
| Apparent convergence at a distance of physically parallel lines (e.g., railroad tracks) |
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